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| Burns are classified according to ____ and ______ ______. |
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| A first degree burn its characteristics, depth, and type. List them. |
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Definition
Characteristics: Erythema, pain
Depth: Epidermis
Type: Superficial epidermal |
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| A first-second degree burn its characteristics, depth, and type. List them. |
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Definition
Characteristics: Blistering, very painful
Depth: Epidermis, upper dermis
Type: Partial thickness superficial |
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| A second degree burn its characteristics, depth, and type. List them. |
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Characteristics: Mottled, blistering, intense pain
Depth: Epidermis, lower dermis
Type: Deep-thickness |
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| A third degree burn its characteristics, depth, and type. List them. |
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Characteristics: Pearly white skin, charred, no pain
Depth: Epidermis, dermis, nerve ending, subcutaneous tissue
Type: Full thickness |
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| What should be done for first-degree and minor burns, and why? |
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Definition
A cold, wet compress should be applied.
This constricts blood vessels, and decreases swelling.
It also decreases amount of pain. |
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| T/F: The slower the burned area is cooled, the less tissue damage will occur. |
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| False. The quicker the burn is cooled, the less tissue damage will occur. |
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| Application of what on a burn can cause inhibition of heat loss, and increase damage to the tissues. |
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Definition
Greasy ointment
Butter
Greasy dressings |
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| A non prescription antibiotic, such as _____ with _______ _ may be used for minor burns. |
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Definition
| Bacitracin with polymyxin B (Polysporin) |
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| What are not antibiotic drugs of choice for burns because they do not have a broad-spectrum effect? |
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| What should be done immediately after a chemical burn? |
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Definition
Removal of clothing
Skin flushing with water |
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| Those with which degrees of burns should undergo treatment at a burn center? |
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| Second- and third-degree burns. |
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| In a burn center, what happens? |
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Definition
IV narcotic or nonnarcotic is started
Burns are cleansed with sterile saline and Betadine.
Broad spectrum topical antibacterials are applied to burn areas to prevent infection |
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| If a burn patient is cleansed with providone-iodine (Betadine), what should be determined? |
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Definition
| If they are allergic to iodine or seafood. |
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| Examples of broad-spectrum antibiotics applied to burns include |
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Definition
Sulfamylon
Silvadene
Furacin |
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| Sulfamylon is absorbed how? |
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Definition
| Through the skin. It is a topical antibiotic. |
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| Sulfamylon is a strong carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, so it can lead to |
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Definition
| Acid-base imbalance (Metabolic acidosis, respiratory alkalosis) |
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| For a client taking Sulfamylon, if respiration becomes rapid, labored, or shallow, what should be done? |
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Definition
| It should be discontinued for a few days until acid-base balance is restored. |
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| Sulfamylon is a derivative of |
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| Sulfamylon interferes with |
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Definition
| Bacterial cell-wall synthesis and metabolism AND is bacteriostatic |
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| After the burn is cleansed and debrided, __ inch of sulfamylon cream is applied to the afected area ___ times daily and is covered with a dressing. |
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| The client may complain of ____ when Sulfamylon is applied. |
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| Sulfamylon cream in contraindicated in |
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Definition
Hypersensitivity
Inhalation injury
Renal failure |
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| The duration of Sulfamylon cream is |
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| The peak of Sulfamylon cream is |
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| Side effects of Sulfamylon cream include |
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Definition
Rash
Burning
Urticaria
Pruritus
Swelling |
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| Adverse reactions to Sulfamylon cream include |
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Definition
Metabolic acidosis
Respiratory alkalosis
Blistering
Superinfection |
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| Life-threatening AR of Sulfamylon cream include |
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Bone marrow supression
Fatal hemolytic anemia |
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| A side effect of Furacin, a topical antiinfective, is _____ & ______. |
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Photosensitivity
Contact Dermatitis |
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| It is important when using Sulfamylon to: |
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Definition
| Remove dressing before it is dry. |
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| Sulfamylon is effective against some |
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| If used extensively, Sulfamylon may cause |
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| Electrolyte imbalance (hypokalemia) |
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| Silvadene produces which type of effects? |
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Definition
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| Silvadene, unlike Sulfamylon, is not a |
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Definition
| Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor. |
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| Silvadene is contraindicated at or near |
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Definition
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| How much silver is absorbed from Silvadene? |
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Definition
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| How much sulfadiazine is absorbed from Silvadene? |
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Skin discoloration
Burning
Rashes
Erythema multiforme - an allergic rxn
Skin necrosis
Leukopenia |
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| If a wound is oozing, it is important to do what? |
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| When assessing a burn patient, check _____, & _____. |
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Definition
Vitals - temp
Fluid status - hypo- hypervolemia |
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| What type of technique should be used when caring for burned tissue? |
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| What technique should be used when applying a topical antibacterial drug? |
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| What function should be monitored in a burn patient? |
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| Monitor client's acid-base balance, especially in the presence of _______ or _________ _________. |
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Definition
Pulmonary or renal dysfunction.
This is because these two systems regulate acid-base balance. |
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| How to store topical antiinfectives. |
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Dry place
Room temperature |
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| It is important to teach the burn client and family about _________ ______ ________ when they are being treated with Sulfamylon. |
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| Respiratory status changes. |
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