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Chapter 5 vocab words 2/9/11
chapter 5 vocabulary pages 97 & 103 - 23 words
23
Biology
9th Grade
02/09/2011

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Term
Passive transport
Definition
the movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy by the cell
Term
diffusion
Definition
the movement of particles from regions of higher density to regions of lower density
Term
concentration gradient
Definition
a difference in the concentration of a substance across a distance
Term
equilibrium
Definition
in biology, a state that exists when the concentration of a substance is the same throughout a space
Term
osmosis
Definition
the diffusion of water or another solvent from a more dilute solution (of a solute) to a more concentrated solution (of the solute) through a membrane that is permeable to the solvent
Term
hypotonic
Definition
describes a solution whose solute concentration is lower than the solute concentration inside a cell
Term
hypertonic
Definition
describes a solution whose solute concentration is higher than the solute concentration inside a cell
Term
isotonic solution
Definition
a solution whose solute concentration is equal to the solute concentration inside a cell
Term
contractile vacuole
Definition
in protozoans, an organelle that accumulates water and then releases it periodically to maintain osmotic pressure
Term
turgor pressure
Definition
the pressure that is exerted on the inside of cell walls and that is caused by the movement of water into the cell
Term
plasmolysis
Definition
the contraction or shrinking of the cell membrane of a plant cell in a hypertonic solution in response to the loss of water by osmosis
Term
cytolysis
Definition
the bursting of a cell
Term
facilitated diffusion
Definition
the transport of substances through a cell membrane along a concentration gradient with the aid of carrier proteins
Term
carrier protein
Definition
a protein that transports substances across a cell membrane
Term
ion channel
Definition
a pore in a cell membrane through which ions can pass
Term
active transport
Definition
the movement of chemical substances, usually across the cell membrane, against a concentration gradient; requires cells to use energy
Term
sodium-potassium pump
Definition
a carrier protein that uses ATP to actively transport sodium ions out of a cell and potassium ions into the cell
Term
endocytosis
Definition
the process by which a cell membrane surrounds a particle and encloses the particle in a vesicle to bring the particle into the cell
Term
vesicle
Definition
a small cavity or sac that contains materials in a eukaryotic cell; forms when part of the cell membrane surrounds the materials to be taken into the cell or transported within the cell
Term
pinocytosis
Definition
a method of active transport across the cell membrane in which the cell takes in extracellular fluids
Term
phagocytosis
Definition
the process by which a cell engulfs large particles or whole cells, either as a defense mechanism or as a means to obtain food
Term
phagocyte
Definition
a cell that ingests and destroys (digests) foreign matter or microorganisms
Term
exocytosis
Definition
the process by which a substance is released from the cell through a vesicle that transports the substance to the cell surface and then fuses with the membrane to let the substance out
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