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Chapter 5 Vocabulary
35 terms, rxns in aqueous solutions
35
Chemistry
10th Grade
04/02/2008

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Term
Aqueous Solution
Definition
A solution in which the solvent is water
Term
Solution
Definition
A homogenous mixture
Term
Solute
Definition
The subsance dissolved in a solvent to form a solution
Term

Solvent

Definition
The medium in which a solute is dissolved to form a solution
Term
Electrodes
Definition

A device such as a metal plate or a wire for conducting electrons into or out of solutions

Term
Electrolytes
Definition
A substance that ionizes water or on melting to form an electrically conducting solution
Term

Strong Electrolytes

Definition
A substance the dissolves in water to form a good conductor of electricity
Term
Weak Electrolytes
Definition
A substance that dissolves in water to form a poor conductor of electricity
Term
Nonelectrolytes
Definition
A substacne tyhat dissolves in waster to form an electrically nonconductiong solution
Term
Precipitation Reaction
Definition
An exchange reaction that produces an insoluble salt or precipitate from soluble reactions
Term
Precipitate
Definition
An insoluble solid
Term
Spectator Ions
Definition
An ion that is present in a solution in which a reaction takes place, but that is not involved in the next reaction
Term
Net Ionic Equations
Definition
A chemical equation involving onle those substances undergoing chemical changes in the course fo the rxn.
Term
Acid
Definition
A substance that when dissolved in water increases the concentration of hydrogen ions.
Term
Strong Acid
Definition
An acid that ionizes comopetely in aqueous solutions.
Term
Weak Acid
Definition
An acid that partially ionizes in aqueous solutions
Term
Basic Oxides
Definition
An oxide of a metal that acts as a base
Term
Base
Definition
A substance that when dissolved in pure water increases the concentration of hydroxide ions
Term
Strong Base
Definition
A base that ionizes completely in aqueous solutions
Term
Weak Base
Definition
A base that only partially ionizes in aqueous solutions
Term
Acidic Oxides
Definition

Oxides of a nonmetal that act as an acid

Term
Nuetralization Reaction
Definition
Acid-base rxn that produces a nuetral solution of salt and water
Term

Exchange Reaction

Definition
A chemical rxn that proceeds by the interchange of reactant cation-anion partners
Term
Oxidation-Reduction Rxn
Definition
A rxn involving the transfer of one or more electrons from one species to another
Term
Reducing Agent
Definition
The substance that donates electrons and is oxidized in an oxidation
Term
Oxidizing Agent
Definition
Substance that accepts electrons and is reduced in an oxidation
Term
Oxidation #
Definition
# assigned to each element to keep track of the electrons in a rxn.
Term
Concentration
Definition
Amount of solute dissolved in a given amount of a solution
Term
Molarity
Definition
# of moles of a solute per liter
Term
Quantative Chemical Analysis
Definition
Chemical analysis to determine the identity of a substance
Term
Titration
Definition
A procedure for quantative analysis of a substance by an essentialy complete rxn in a solution with a measured quantity of a reagent of a known concentration
Term
Indicator
Definition
A substance used to signal the equivilence point of a titration by a change in some physicaly property such as a color.
Term
Equivalence Point
Definition
The point in a titration at which one reactant has been exactly consumed by addition of the other reactant
Term

Standardization

Definition
The accurate determination of the concentration of an acid, base, or other reagent for use in titration
Term
Hydration
Definition
The biding of an ion or molecule to one or more water molecules.
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