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Definition
| an active system that receives info from the senses, organizes it as it stores it away, and then retrieves the info from storage. |
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| the set of mental operations that people perform on sensory info to convert it into a form that is usable in the brain’s storage systems. (Putting info in.) |
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| holding onto info for some period of time. (Keeping info in.) |
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Definition
| getting info that is in storage into a form that can be used. (Getting info out.) |
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| the very first stage of memory, the point at which info enters the nervous system through the sensory systems. Two types Iconic and Echoic. |
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| visual sensory memory, lasting only a fraction of a second. |
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| the brief memory of something a person has just heard; last 2-4 seconds. |
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Definition
| the memory system in which the info is held for brief periods of time while being used. |
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Definition
the ability to focus on only one stimulus from among all sensory input.
Digit-span test-we did this in class. Conclusions are that the capacity of short term memory is about 7 items or pieces of information. |
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Definition
| clumping bits of info together so that more can be held in short term memory. |
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Definition
saying something over and over in order to maintain it in STM.
STM is susceptible to interference. Ex: if interrupted while counting, have to start over. |
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Definition
the system of memory into which all the info is placed permanently.
Elaborative rehearsal- a method of transferring info from STM into LTM by making that info meaningful in some way. |
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Definition
| memory for skills, procedures, habits and conditioned responses-not conscious. |
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Definition
| contains info that is conscious and known (memory for facts)Two Types: Episodic memory & Semantic memory |
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| general knowledge, facts. |
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Term
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Definition
| personal info such as daily activities and events. |
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Term
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Definition
| remembering info is improved if related info (like surrounding) that is available when the memory is formed is also available when the memory is being retrieved. |
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Definition
| tendency to remember info at the beginning of a body of info better than the info that follows. |
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Definition
| tendency to remember info at the end of a body of info better than the info ahead of it. |
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Definition
| ability to match a piece of info to a stored image or fact. |
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Definition
| – error of recognition in which people think that they recognize some stimulus that is not actually in memory. |
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Definition
| – showed that people’s memories are not always accurate, and that eyewitness testimony is not always reliable. |
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Term
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Definition
| – when certain kinds of info enter long-term memory with little or no effortful encoding. |
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Term
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Definition
| type of automatic encoding that occurs because an unexpected event has strong emotional associations for the person remembering it. |
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Term
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Definition
| info is not attended to and fails to be encoded |
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Term
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Definition
| info that is not accessed decays from the storage system over time. |
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Definition
| older info already in memory interferes with the retrieval of newer info. |
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Definition
| newer info interferes with the retrieval of older info. |
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Term
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Definition
| loss of memory from the point of some injury/trauma backwards, or loss of memory for the past. |
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Term
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Definition
| loss of memory from the point of injury/trauma forward, or the inability to form new long-term memories (senile dementia) |
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Term
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Definition
| inability to retrieve memories from much before age 3. |
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Term
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Definition
| primary memory difficulty in Alzheimer’s (at least initially)is anterograde amnesia- the person cannot form new long-term memories, but can often remember things from years ago. |
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