Term
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Definition
| the entire set of elements |
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Term
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Definition
| subset of eements from the population |
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Term
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Definition
| list of members of study population from which sample is selected |
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Term
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Definition
a collection of elements
ex. household |
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Term
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Definition
| any single unit sampled from the population |
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Term
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Definition
| exists when a conclusion based on a sample, or subset, of a larger population holds true for that population |
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Term
| cross-population generalizability |
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Definition
exists when findings about one group, population, or setting hold true for other groups, population, or settings
(external validity) |
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Term
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Definition
| any difference between the characterists of a sample and the characteristics of the population from which is drawn |
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Term
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Definition
| set of elements larger than or different from the population that was sampled and to which the researcher would like to generalize any study findings |
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Term
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Definition
small sample of the population for which the generalizations are sought
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Term
| probability sampling methods |
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Definition
| sampling methods that rely on a random, or chance, selection method so that the probability of selection of population elements is known |
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Term
| nonprobability sampling methods |
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Definition
| sampling methods that do not let us know the likelihood in advance |
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Term
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Definition
| the likelihood that an element from the population will be chosen |
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Term
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Definition
the fundamental element of probability samples
every element of the population has a known and independent chance of being selected into the sample |
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Term
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Definition
| requires a procedure that generates numbers or identifies cases strictly on the basis of chance |
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Term
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Definition
| a table containing lists of numbers that are ordered solely on the basis of chance |
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Term
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Definition
| machine dials random numbers within phone prefixes corresponding to the area in which the survey is to be conducted |
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Term
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Definition
| each element is returned to the sampling frame from which it is selected so thay it may be sampled again |
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Term
| systematic random sampling |
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Definition
| a method of sampling in which sample elements are selected from a list or from sequential files, with every nth element being selected |
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Term
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Definition
| the number of cases from one sampled case to another |
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Term
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Definition
| the sequence of elements of the population varies in some regular, periodic pattern |
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Term
| stratified random sampling |
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Definition
| a method of sampling in which sample elements are selected separately from population strata that are identified in advance by the researcher |
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Term
| proportionate stratified sampling |
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Definition
| sampling methods in which elements are selected from strata in exact proportion to their representation in the population |
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Term
| disproportionate stratified sampling |
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Definition
| sampling in which elements are selected from strata in different proportions from those that appear in the population |
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Term
| multistage cluster sampling |
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Definition
| sampling in which elements are selected in two or more stages, with the first stage being the random selection of natural occurring clusters and the last stage being the random selection of multilevel elements within clusters |
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Term
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Definition
| sampling in which elements are selected on the basis of convenience |
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Term
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Definition
| a nonprobability sampling method in which elements are selected to ensure that the sample represents certain characterists in proportion to their prevalence in the population |
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Term
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Definition
| a nonprobability sampling method in which methods are selected for a purpose, usually because of their unique position |
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Term
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Definition
| a method of sampling in which sample elements are selected a they are identified by successive informants or interviewees |
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Term
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Definition
| a distribution of the value of a statistic from many samples |
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Term
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Definition
| statistics used to estimate how likely it is that a statistical result based on data from a random sample is representative of the population from which the sample is assumed to have been selected |
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Term
| systematic sampling error |
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Definition
| sampling error that occurs when some population characteristics are over-or-under-represented in the sample because of particular features of the method of selecting the sample |
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Term
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Definition
| a symmetric distribution shaped like a bell curve and centered around the population mean |
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Term
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Definition
| sampling error caused by chance factors that cause differences between the population and the sample |
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Term
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Definition
| the value of a statistic, such as a mean, computed from sample data |
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Term
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Definition
| the value of a statistic, such as a mean, computed using the data for the entire population |
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Term
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Definition
| the range defined by the confidence limits for a sample statistic |
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Term
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Definition
| the upper and lower bounds around an estimate of a population parameter based on a sample statistic |
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Term
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Definition
| the cases about which measures actually are obtained in a sample |
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Term
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Definition
| an error in reasoning in which incorrect conclusions about individual level processes are drawn from group-level data |
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Term
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Definition
| an error in reasoning that occurs when incorrect conclusions about group-level processes are based on individual-level data |
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