Term
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Definition
| State of being unable to move just after falling asleep or right before waking up |
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Term
| Describe in detail Sleep Paralysis |
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Definition
| Caused by a disruption in sleep cycle and is often associated with anxiety,terror, feelings of vibrations, humming noises, and eerie sense of menacing figures close to you |
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Term
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Definition
| our subjective experience of the world, our bodies and our mental perspectives |
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Term
| How long do we spend sleeping in our lives? (fraction) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| cyclical changes that occur on a roughly 24-hour basis in many biological processes. Controls feelings of sleepiness and drowsiness |
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Term
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Definition
| Term for the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in the hypthalamus that's responsible for controlling our levels of alertness |
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Term
| Effects of sleep deprivation |
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Definition
-hallucinations
-feeling edgy, irritable and unable to concentrate
-depression
-difficulty acquiring new info
-high blood pressure
-weight gain |
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Term
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Definition
| darting of the eyes underneath the closed eyelids during sleep |
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Term
| In what stage of sleep do individuals usually experience vivid dreams? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| stages 1-4 of the sleep cycle, during which eye movements do not occur and dreaming is less frequent and vivid |
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Term
| How many stages of sleep do we go through? |
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Definition
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Term
Name the following and state what they measure
-EOG
-EEG
-EMG
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Definition
Electrooculogram - measures eye movements
Electroencephalogram- measures brain waves
Electromyogram - measures muscular activity |
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Term
| How long does the sleep cycle last? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-lasts for 5-10 minutes
-brain activity powers down by 50% or more
-produces THETA waves (4-7 times a second)
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Term
| When do beta waves occur? |
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Definition
| During active alert states (13 times per second) |
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Term
| When do Alpha waves occur? |
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Definition
| When we are quiet and relaxed (8-12 times a second) |
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Term
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Definition
| when in deep sleep, experience scrambled, bizzare, and dreamlike images that flit in and out of consciousness |
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Term
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Definition
| sudden jerks of limbs while you sleep or the feeling that you were startled or falling |
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Term
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Definition
| sudden bursts of electrical activity |
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Term
| What type of waves occur in sleep spindles? |
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Definition
| K-complexes (occur only when we sleep) |
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Term
| What percent of sleep do we spend in stage 2? |
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Definition
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Term
| After about 10-30 minutes of sleeping what kind of waves are observed? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is stage 5 sleep commonly known as? |
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Definition
| paradoxical sleep or REM sleep |
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Term
| How does REM sleep change throughout the night? |
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Definition
| The amount of time spent in REM sleep increases with each cycle. |
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Term
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Definition
| the amount and intensity of REM sleep increases when humans are deprived of REM for a few nights |
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Term
| Middle ear muscle activity |
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Definition
| occurs during REM sleep, muscles of our middle ears become active, almost as though they're assisting us to hear sounds in the dream |
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Term
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Definition
when people act out in their dreams
-1 in 200 people
-most common in men over the age of 50 |
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Term
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Definition
| experience of becoming aware that one is dreaming |
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Term
| do we dream in color or black and white? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| difficulty falling asleep |
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Term
| What is the most common sleep disturbance? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the three possible forms of insomnia? |
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Definition
1) having trouble falling asleep
2) waking too early in the morning
3) waking up during the night and having trouble returning to sleep |
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Term
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Definition
| longstanding use of sleeping pills can make it more difficult to sleep once people stop taking them |
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Term
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Definition
urge to move our legs or other body parts, often while we attempt to sleep
Affects as much as 15% of people |
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Term
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Definition
| disorder characterized by the rapid and often unexpected onset of sleep |
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Term
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Definition
happens to people with narcolepsy,
a complete loss of muscle tone |
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Term
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Definition
| the hormone that appears to play a key role in triggering sudden attacks of sleepiness |
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Term
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Definition
| disorder caused by a blockage of the airway during sleep |
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Term
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Definition
| sudden waking episodes characterized by screaming, perspiring and confusion followed by a return to a deep sleep |
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Term
| What stage of sleep do night terrors occur in? |
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Definition
| non-REM sleep/stages 3 and 4 |
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Term
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Definition
| walking while fully asleep |
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Term
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Definition
| people who have sexual intercourse while sleeping |
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Term
| When is sleepwalking most frequent? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What is manifest content? |
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Definition
| the details of the dream itself |
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Term
| Activation-synthesis theory |
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Definition
| theory that dreams reflect inputs from brain activation originating in the pons, which the forebrain then attempts to weave into a story |
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Term
| What part of the brain plays a critical role in the experience of dreams ? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do scientists with a neurocognitive view of dreaming argue? |
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Definition
they argue that explaining dreams only in terms of neurotransmitters and random neural impulses doesn't tell the full story.
-believe dreams are cognitive achievements |
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Term
| Name the five things scientists hypothesize dreams to be involved in |
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Definition
1) processing emotional memories
2) integrating new experiences with established memories to make sense of the world
3) learning new strategies and ways of doing things
4) simulating threatening events so we can better cope with them in everyday life
5) Reorganizing and consolidating memories |
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Term
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Definition
| ability to create realistic perceptual experiences in the absence of any external stimuli |
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Term
| out-of-body-experience (OBE) |
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Definition
| sense of our consciousness leaving our body |
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Term
| Near-death experiences (NDE's) |
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Definition
| out-of-body-experiences reported by people who've nearly died or thought they were going to die |
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Term
| What can trigger NDE-like experiences? |
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Definition
a) electrical stimulation of the brain's temporal lobes
b) lack of oxygen to the brain in rapid acceleration during fighter plane training
c) Psychedelic drugs (lsd, and mescaline) or anaesthetic drugs (ketamine)
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Term
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Definition
| feeling of reliving an experience |
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Term
| according to the dual processing theory... |
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Definition
| deja vu arises when input from separate neural pathways that process sensory information is slightly out of sync |
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Term
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Definition
| feelings of unity or oneness with the world |
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Term
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Definition
| set of ritualized practices that train attention and awareness |
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Term
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Definition
| the goal is to focus attention on a single thing |
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Term
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Definition
| attention flows freely and examines whatever comes to mind |
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Term
| Meditation is associated with increases in what type of waves? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| set of techniques that provides people with suggestions for alterations in their perceptions, thoughts, feelings, and behaviors |
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Term
| Past life regression therapy |
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Definition
| therapeutic approach that hypnotizes and supposedly age regresses patients back to a previous life to identify the source of a present-day problem |
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Term
| Sociocognitive theory of hypnosis |
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Definition
| approach to hypnosis based on people's attitudes, beliefs, and expectations |
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Term
| Dissociation theory of hypnosis |
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Definition
| approach explaining hypnosis based on a separation between personality functions that are normally well integrated |
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Term
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Definition
| chemicals similar to those found naturally in our brains that alter consciousness by changing chemical processes in neurons |
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Term
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Definition
| drug that exerts a calming effect |
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Term
| Mental set (in terms of drugs) |
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Definition
| beliefs and expectancies about the effects of drugs |
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Term
What type of drugs are alcohol and sedative-hypnotics? |
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Definition
| depressant drugs that depress the effects of the central nervous system |
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Term
| What type of drugs are nicotine and cocaine? |
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Definition
| stimulant drugs, they rev up the central nervous system |
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Term
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Definition
| drug that exerts a sleep-inducing effect |
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Term
| What is the most widely used and abused drug? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the BAC cutoff for legal intoxication when operating a vehicle in Canada? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| reduction in the effect of a drug as a result of repeated use, requiring users to consume greater quantities to achieve the same effect |
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Term
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Definition
| unpleasant effects of reducing or stopping consumption of a drug that users had consumed habitually |
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Term
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Definition
| disorientation, confusion, visual hallucinations and memory problems, sometimes resulting from alcohol withdrawal |
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Term
| What is the most severe alcohol withdrawal phenomenon? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| auditory hallucinations, sometimes accompanied by paranoid beliefs, resulting from alcohol withdrawal |
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Term
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Definition
| drugs that increase activity in the central nervous system, including heart rate, respiration |
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Term
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Definition
| it can enhance positive emotional reactions and minimize negative emotional reactions |
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Term
| What is the most powerful natural stimulant? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 3 patterns of amphetamine use? |
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Definition
1. occasional/casual use of amphetamines to postpone fatigue, elevate mood, cram for test etc. but it doesn't become a routine part of the user's lifestyle
2. Users get their drugs from a doctor, but use them for euphoria effects rather than what they were prescribed for
3. Street users who usually inject the drug |
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Term
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Definition
| a drug closely related to amphetamines, destroys tissues and blood vessels, causes acne, leads to weight loss, tremors and dental problems |
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Term
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Definition
| drugs that relieve pain and induce sleep |
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Term
| Heroin withdrawal symptoms |
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Definition
| includes abdominal cramps, vomiting, craving for the drug, yawning, runny nose, sweating and chills |
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Term
|
Definition
| causing dramatic alterations of perception, mood, and thought |
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Term
| What is the most frequently used illegal drug in Canada? |
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Definition
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Term
| What ingredient in marijuana cause its effects? |
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Definition
| THC (delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol) |
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Term
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Definition
| recurrences of a psychedelic experience |
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Term
| What type of drug is ecstasy? |
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Definition
| A stimulant and hallucinogenic |
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