Term
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Definition
Birth-2
looking, hearing, touching,
Object premanence, stranger danger |
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Term
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Definition
2-6 years
Intuition VS. Logic
pretend play, egocentrism, brother, tv |
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Term
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Definition
7-11 years
Concret analogies
arithmietic, converation, mathmatical transformations |
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Term
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Definition
12 years-adult
Abstract thinking
Abstract logic, mature moral reasoning |
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Term
| pre-conventional Morality |
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Definition
| Vefore age 9 avoid punishment and get rewards self interest |
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Term
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Definition
| Early adolesence uphold laws because they are the rules |
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Term
| post conventional morality |
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Definition
| Abstract reasoning. What is right fows from people's rights, self-difined basic ethical principles |
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Term
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Definition
0-1
infants develop a sense of trust in the world |
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Term
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Definition
1-3
toddlers do for themselves or doubt there ability |
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Term
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Definition
3-6
Pre-schoolers learn to initate tasks or they feel guilty about their efforts to be independent |
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Term
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Definition
6-12
Children learn to pleasure of applying themselves or they feel inferor |
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Term
| Identity Vs. Role confusion |
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Definition
13-20
Teenagers find a role for themselves or they are condused about who they are |
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Term
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Definition
20-40
tind close relationships and intimancy or feel socially isolated |
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Term
| Generativity Vs. Stagnation |
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Definition
40-60
Contribute to the world with work or family or feel lack of purpose |
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Term
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Definition
60-
Refecting on life may feel satisfaction or failure |
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Term
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Definition
| The preoperational child's difficulty to take anothers point of view |
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Term
| Conservation of numbers and volume |
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Definition
| Properties such as mass, volume, and number remain the same despite changes in the forms of object (concrete operational) |
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Term
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Definition
| the awareness that an object still exist even when they cannot be seen |
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Term
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Definition
| at about 8 children will ore lickly respond to strangers with tears and distress |
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Term
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Definition
| The developing human being form 2 weeks after fertilization through the sencond month |
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Term
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Definition
| The developing human organism form 9 weeks after conception to birth |
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Term
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Definition
| Agents, such as chemicals, viruses, that can cause development harm to an embryo |
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Term
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Definition
| physical and cognative abnormalityies in children caused by their mothers havey drinking during pregnancy |
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Term
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Definition
| Survival impule that leads infants to seek closeness with their caregivers |
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Term
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Definition
| Infants play comfortably in the presence of their mother, when their mother leaves they are distressed when she returns, they seek contack with her |
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Term
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Definition
| child is less likely to explore surrondings they may even cling to their mother. When she leaves, they either cry loudly and remaine upset or seem indifferent to her departure and return. |
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Term
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Definition
| Biological grownth processes that enable orderly changes in behavior, relativly uninfluenced by experience (walking, bladder control, bowl movements) |
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Term
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Definition
| the mental activities related to thinking, knowing, remebering, and communicating |
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Term
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Definition
| Impose rules and expect obediance |
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Term
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Definition
| Give into children's desires. little punishment few demands on child |
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Term
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Definition
| Demanding and responsive, setting rules and encourage open disscussion and allow some exceptions especially with older children |
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Term
| Crystallized intelligence |
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Definition
| accumulated knowledge and verbal skills; tends to increase with age |
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Term
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Definition
| aour ability to reason speedily and abstractly; tens to decrease during late adulthood |
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Term
| Criticism of Piaget theory |
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Definition
| todays researchers see development as more continuous then did Piaget. By detecting the beginings of each type of thinking at an earlier age, they have revealed conceptual abilities Piaget missed. Moreover, they see formal logic as a smaller part of conceptual abilites. |
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Term
| Criticism of Kohlbergs theory |
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Definition
| The postconventional leve is more controversial. it appears mostly in European and North American ducated middle class, Which prizes individualism- giving priority to one's own goals rather than to group goals, they have said his thory is biased against the moral reasoning of members of collectivist societies such as China and India |
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Term
| Criticism of Erikson's theory |
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Definition
| Todays early sexual maturity si related both to increased body fat and to weakend parent-child bonds including absent fathers. Together delay independance adn earlier sexual maturity have widend the once-belief interlude between biological maturity and social independence. |
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Term
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Definition
| Our sensory receptors and nervous system recieve and represent stimulus energy from the enviroment |
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Term
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Definition
| the process of organizing and interpreting sensory information, enabling us to recognize meaningul objects and events |
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Term
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Definition
| informaiton processing guided by heiher level mental processes, as in constructing perception based on experience and expectiaons |
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Term
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Definition
| analysis that begins with the sensory receptors and works up to the brain |
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Term
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Definition
| the minimum stimulation needed to detect a particular stimulus 50%of the time |
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Term
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Definition
| Stimulus below ones absoulte thereshold |
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Term
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Definition
| The activation often unconsciously, of certain associations, thus predisposing one's perception, memor or response |
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Term
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Definition
| hoping ot penetrate our unconscious, entrepreneurs offer recordings that supposedly speak directly to our brain to help us lose weight, stop smoking, or improve our memories, masked by soothing ocean sounds, unheard mesages will, they say, influence our behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| the perinciple that to be perceived as different, tow stimuli must differ by a constant minimum percentage (rather then a constant amount) |
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Term
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Definition
| diminished sensitivity due to constant stimulation of one of our senses |
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Term
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Definition
| Person with a stroke or surgery to their brain's visual cortex may experiance a localized area of blindness in part of their field of vision |
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Term
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Definition
| smell, primitive sense relates to memories, hotline between where brain recives olfactory information and where it stores memories. |
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Term
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Definition
| The sense or acto fo hearing sound waves strike one ear sooner and with more intensity than the other ear our brain computes the sound location People who lose hearing in one ear have diffculty locating sounds |
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Term
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Definition
| senses movement and position o idndividual body parts |
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Term
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Definition
| 7 - 10 amputies may feel pain or movement in nonexistent limbs |
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Term
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Definition
| An organized whole, or pattern we tend to integrate pieces of information into an organized whole |
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Term
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Definition
| the figure is what we attend to and the ground is the rest of the surronding |
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Term
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Definition
| perception can occur without sensory imput, includes telepathy clairvoyancy, and precongation |
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Term
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Definition
| the study of paranormal phenomena |
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Term
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Definition
| "morphine within" natural opiat like neruotransmitters linked to pain control and pleasure |
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Term
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Definition
| The ability to see objects in three dimensions although the images that strike the retina are two-dimensional allows us to judge distance |
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