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Chapter 5 and 6
Chemistry
37
Chemistry
8th Grade
01/09/2012

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Term
matter
Definition
anything that has mass and takes up space
Term
chemistry
Definition
the study of matter and how matter changes
Term
physical property
Definition

a characteristic of a substance that can be observed without changing it to another substance-

ex. solid ice melting into water

Term
chemical property
Definition

a characteristic of a substance that describes its ability to change into other substances.

ex.- when magnesium burns, it combines with oxygen in the air, forming a new substance called magnesium oxide or a material's ability to rust or tarnish

Term
physical change
Definition

any change that alters the form or appearance of a substance

ex.- if you squash a marshmallow, it changes shape but is still a marshmallow

Term
chemical change
Definition
a change of matter that 
Term
products
Definition
the new substances formed by a chemical reaction
Term
preciptate
Definition
a solid that forms from solution during a chemical reaction
Term
endothermic reaction
Definition
the absorption of energy from  bond which causes cooling
Term
exothermic reaction
Definition
the total making and breaking of bonds results in a release of energy. ex. fire
Term
conduct
Definition
to allow something to travel along or through it
Term
stable
Definition
adj.) not easily or quickly changed from one state to another
Term
structure
Definition
n.) the way in which parts of something are put together
Term
symbol
Definition
n.) a wrutten sign that stands for something else
Term
valence electron
Definition

electrons that have the highest energy level and are held most loosely. 

the # of valence electrons in an atom of an element determines many properties of that element, including the ways in which the atom can bond with other atoms.

Term
electron dot diagram
Definition

a way to show the # of valence electrons in an element;

it includes the symbol for the element surrounded by dots, each dot stands for one valence electron

Term
chemical bond
Definition
the force of attraction that holds two atoms together as a result of the arrangement of electrons between them
Term
covalent bond
Definition
the chemical bond that is formed when two atoms share share electrons; covalent bonds usually form between atoms of non-metals
Term
molecule
Definition
a neutral group of atom joined by covalent bonds
Term
double bond
Definition
when two atoms share two pairs of electron, a double bond is formed; in a carbon dioxide molecule (CO2) carbon forms a double bond with each of two oxygen atoms
Term
triple bond 
Definition
atoms share three pairs of electrons; elements such as nitrogen and carbon can do this
Term
molecular compound
Definition
a compound that is composed of molecules; the molecules of a molecular compound contain atoms that are covalently bonded.( ompaaed to ionic compounds, molecular compounds generally have lower melting points and boiling points, and unlike ionic compounds do not conduct electric current when melted or dissoleved in water. 
Term
polar bond
Definition
a covalent bond in which electrons are shared unequally; if two atoms pull equally on the electrons, neither atom becomes charged
Term
nonploar bond
Definition
a covalent bond in which electrons are shared equally
Term
ion
Definition
an atom or group of atoms that has an electric charge. When an atom loses an electron , it gains a negative charge and becomes a negative ion.
Term
polyatomic ion
Definition

prefix-poly means many

ions that are made of more than one atom:

a group of atoms that reacts as a unit;

 

Term
ionic bond
Definition
the attraction between two oppositly charged ions; Ionic bonds form as a result of the attraction between positive and negative ions.
Term
ionic compound
Definition
the name for a compound that consists of positive and negative ions, such as sodium chloride
Term
chemical formula
Definition

a combination of symbols that shows the ratio of elements in a compound

ex. 

Term
subscript
Definition

the subscript tells you the ratio of elements in the compound; sfor MgCl, the ratio of magnesiom ions to chloride ions is 1 to 2.

(if no subscript is written , the number 1 is understood)

Term
conduct
Definition
to allow something to travel along or through it
Term
stable
Definition
adj.) not easily or quickly changed from one state to another
Term
structure
Definition
n.) the way in which parts of something are put together
Term
symbol
Definition
n.) a wrutten sign that stands for something else
Term
valence electron
Definition

electrons that have the highest energy level and are held most loosely. 

the # of valence electrons in an atom of an element determines many properties of that element, including the ways in which the atom can bond with other atoms.

Term
electron dot diagram
Definition

a way to show the # of valence electrons in an element;

it includes the symbol for the element surrounded by dots, each dot stands for one valence electron

Term
chemical bond
Definition
the force of attraction that holds two atoms together as a result of the arrangement of electrons between them
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