Term
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Definition
| those criminal sanctions that involve community supervision of offenders, make use of correctional program resources available in the community, and require offenders to abide by specified conditions to remain in the community |
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Term
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Definition
| the Boston shoemaker who became the "Father" of probation |
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Term
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Definition
| A prison sentence that is suspended on the condition that the offender follow certain prescribed rules and commit no further crimes |
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Term
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Definition
| the role of a probation or parole officer in monitoring an offender's behavior through office visits; contacts with family, friends, bosses, or treatment providers; and visits to their home or place of work |
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Term
| casework style of supervision |
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Definition
| a style of supervising community offenders that places emphasis on assisting the offender with problems, counseling, and working to make sure the offender successfully completes supervision |
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Term
| surveillance style of supervision |
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Definition
| a style of supervising community offenders that places emphasis on monitoring and enforcing compliance with the rules or supervision and the detection of violations leading to revocation and return to custody |
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Term
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Definition
| caseload made up of standard probationers, requiring no special program or supervision |
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Term
| intensive-supervision caseload |
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Definition
| caseload for offenders with too high a risk or need to be on regular supervision; created as an alternative to sending these offenders to prison |
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Term
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Definition
| caseload is made up of offenders with a particular type of problem, such as substance abuse, mental illness, or a history of sex offenses |
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Term
| standard conditions of probation |
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Definition
| conditions that must be followed by every probationer |
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Term
| special conditions of probation |
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Definition
| conditions of probation tailored to meet the needs for a particular offender; they can be imposed to meet the specific risks or needs of an individual offender |
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Term
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Definition
| violations of conditions of community supervision, without commission of a new crime |
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Term
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Definition
| violation of the condition of probation prohibiting the commission of any additional crimes |
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Term
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Definition
| a 1973 U.S. Supreme Court decision that created the due process requirements for revoking probation |
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Term
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Definition
| a 1983 SC decision that failure to make restitution payments due to unemployment is not sufficient reason to revoke probation |
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Term
| United States v. Birnbaum |
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Definition
| 1970-probation is a privilege, not a right |
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Term
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Definition
| 1967-probationers have right for attorney at revocation hearings |
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Term
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Definition
| 1972-spelled out due process rights required for parole revocation hearings |
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Term
| community classification systems |
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Definition
| risk assessments that predict the chance of new crimes being committed; they are used to determine the level of supervision an offender will receive in a community |
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Term
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Definition
| applies to offenders posing a significant risk of committing a new offense; assigned to smaller caseloads, must report at least once a week, and are visited two or three times per month at work or home |
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Term
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Definition
| midrange dispositions that fall between probation and imprisonment |
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Term
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Definition
| a requirement that offenders pay some dollar amount to the court as punishment for committing the offense |
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Term
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Definition
| a requirement that offenders repay society for the harm created by the offense |
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Term
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Definition
| offenders repay their victims directly for their losses and harm caused by the offense |
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Term
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Definition
| offenders have to pay for some costs associated with their supervision in the community |
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Term
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Definition
| the authorized seizing by the government of money, negotiable instruments, securities, or other things of value that were obtained through illegal activities |
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Term
| intensive supervised probation |
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Definition
| supervision of community offenders with higher than average risk, through smaller caseloads and very close monitoring of activities |
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Term
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Definition
| offenders live at home and must be at home except for times they are to be at work or participating in other activities approved by their probation officer |
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Term
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Definition
| the use of technology to monitor an offender's location |
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Term
| community residential centers |
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Definition
| houses in which offenders live in the community that provide supervision, room and board, and some treatment as an alternative to prison |
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Term
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Definition
| a combination of a short jail sentence and then return to the community on probation |
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Term
| shock incarceration/boot camp |
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Definition
| alternatives to traditional incarceration that are operated similar to a military boot camp |
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Term
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Definition
| a short period of imprisonment to "shock" the offender, with a return to the community within a few weeks to continue supervision on probation |
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Term
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Definition
| the overlapping of criminal sanctions and added supervision for community-placed offenders, rather than diversion of offenders from prison |
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