Term
|
Definition
| The outermost layer of cells in plants, bacteria, fungi, and many algae that gives shape to the cell and protects it from infection. In plants, the cell wall is made up mostly of cellulose, determines tissue texture, and often is crucial to cell function. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The thin membrane that forms the outer surface of the protoplasm of a cell and regulates the passage of materials in and out of the cell. It is made up of proteins and lipids and often contains molecular receptors. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| atwo-layeredarrangement of phosphate and lipid moleculesthatforma cell membrane, the hydrophobic lipid ends facing inward and the hydrophilic phosphate ends facing outward. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In eukaryotic cells, the membranous organelle that houses the chromosomal DNA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The molecular machine that carries out protein synthesis, the most complicated aggregation of proteins in a cell also containing three differnet rRNA molecules. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The jellylike material that makes up much of a cell inside the cell membrane, and, in eukaryotic cells, surrounds the nucleus and organelles
|
|
|
Term
| Rough Endoplasmic Reticululum |
|
Definition
| a network of tubular membranes within the cytoplasm of the cell, studded with ribosomes involved in the transport of materials. |
|
|
Term
| Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum |
|
Definition
| a network of tubular membranes within the cytoplasm of the cell, with a smooth surface involved in the transport of materials. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A collection of flattened stacks of membranes in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells; functions in collection, packaging, and distribution of molecules synthesized in the cell. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a small intracellular, membrane-bounded sac in which various substances are transported or stored. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a cell organelle containing enzymes that digest particles and that disintegrate the cell after its death. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A cell organelle containing enzymes that catalyze the production and breakdown of hydrogen peroxide. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A cellular organelle bounded by a single membrane and containing a variety of enzymes; generally derived from endoplasmic reticulum; includes peroxisomes and glyoxysomes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A cell like organelle present in algae and plants that contains chlorophyll and usually other pigments and carries out photosynthesis. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The organelle called the powerhouse of the cell. Consists of an outer membrane, and elaborate inner membrane that supports electron transport and chemiosmotic synthesis of ATP, and a soluble matrix containing Krebs cycle enzymes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A structure within a tissue of a multicellular organism.
They consist of protein complexes and provide contact between neighbouring cells, between a cell and the extracellular matrix, or they build up the paracellular barrier of epithelia and control the paracellular transport.
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a network of protein microfilaments and microtubules within the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell that maintains the shape of the cell, anchors its organelles, and is involved in animal cell motility. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In eukaryotic cells, a long, hollow protein cylinder composed of the protein tubulin; these influence cell shape, move the chromosomes in cell division, and provide the functional internal structure of cilia and flagella. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a minute, narrow tubelike cell structure composed of a protein similar to actin, occurring singly and in bundles, involved in cytoplasmic movement and changes in cell shape. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
cytoskeletal structures formed by members of a family of related proteins called keratin. Most types are located in the cytosol between the nuclear envelope and the cell surface membrane.
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hairlike organelles, identical in structure to flagella, that line the surfaces of certain cells and beat in rhythmic waves, providing locomotion to ciliate protozoans and moving liquids along internal epithelial tissue in animals. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A long, thread like structure protruding from the surface of a cell which allows it to move |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a temporary protrusion of the protoplasm, as of certain protozoans, usually serving as an organ of locomotion or prehension. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A large, membrane-bounded sac found in plant cells that stores proteins, pigments, and waste materials, and is involve in water balance. |
|
|
