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Chapter 4: Sect 2,3
The Cerebral Cortex and Research Methods
32
Psychology
Undergraduate 2
09/14/2009

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Term
anterior commissure
Definition
set of axons connecting the two cerebral hemispheres; smaller than the corpus callosum 98
Term
binding problem
Definition
question of how the visual, auditory, and other areas of the brain influence one another to produce a combined perception of a single object 103
Term
central sulcus
Definition
large groove in the surface of the primate cerebral cortex, separating front from parietal cortex
Term
cerebral cortex
Definition
layer of cells on the outer surface of the cerebral hemispheres of the brain
Term
columns
Definition
collection of cells having similar properties, arrange perpendicular to the laminae
Term
corpus callosum
Definition
large set of axons that connects the two hemispheres of the cerebral cortex
Term
delayed-response task
Definition
assignment in which an animal must respond on the basis of a signal that it remembers but that is no longer present
Term
frontal lobe
Definition
section of the cerebral cortex extending form the central sulcus to the anterior limit of the brain, containing the primary motor cortex and the prefrontal cortex
Term
Kluver-Bucy syndrome
Definition
condition in which monkeys with damaged temporal lobes fail to display normal fears and anxieties 100
Term
laminae
Definition
layer of cell bodies parallel to the surface of the cortex and separated from other laminae by layers of fibers 98
Term
occipital lobe
Definition
posterior caudal section of the cerebral cortex; involves sight 100, 134
Term
parietal lobe
Definition
section of the cerebral cortex bw the occipital lobe and the central sulcus 100
Term
postcentral gyrus
Definition
gyrus of the cerebral cortex just posterior to the central gyrus; a primary projection site for touch and other body sensations
Term
precentral gyrus
Definition
gyrus of the cerebral cortex just anterior to the central sulcus, site of the primary motor cortex 100
Term
prefrontal cortex
Definition
anterior portion of the frontal lobe of the cortex, which responds mostly to the sensory stimuli that signal the need for a movement
Term
prefrontal lobotomy
Definition
surgical disconnection of the prefrontal cortex from the rest of the brain
Term
primates
Definition
order of mammals that includes humans, chimps, gorillas, etc
Term
temporal lobe
Definition
lateral portion of each hemisphere, near the temples; primary cortical target for auditory information
Term
computerized axial tomography (CT or CAT scan)
Definition
method of visualizing a living brain by injecting a dye into the blood and then passing x-rays thru the head and recording them by detectors on the other side
Term
electroencephalograph (EEG)
Definition
device that measures the brain's electrical activity through electrodes on the scalp
Term
evoked potentials or evoked responses
Definition
electrical activity of the brain in response to a stimulus
Term
functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)
Definition
modified version of the MRI that measures energies released by hemoglobin molecules in an MRI scan, and then determiens the brain areas receiving the greatest supply of blood and oxygen
Term
gene-knockout approach
Definition
use of biochemical methods to direct a mutation toa particular gene that is important for certain types of cells, transmitters, or receptors (112)
Term
lesion
Definition
damage to a structure
Term
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Definition
method of imaging a living brain by using a magnetic field and aradio frequency field to make atoms with odd atomic weights all rotate in the same direction and then removing those fields and measuring the energy that the atoms release
Term
magnetoencephalograph (MEG)
Definition
device that measures the faint magnetic fields generated by the brain's activity
Term
phrenology
Definition
pseudoscience that claimed a relationship bw skull anatomy and behavioral capacities
Term
positron-emission tomography (PET)
Definition
method of mapping activity in a living brain by recording the emission of radioactivity from injected chemicals; expensive
Term
sham lesion
Definition
control procedure for an experiment, in which an investigator inserts an electrode into a brain but does not pass a current
Term
stereotaxic instrument
Definition
device for the precise placement of electrodes in the head 112
Term
transcranial magnetic stimulation
Definition
application of an intense magnetic field to a portion of the scalp to influence the neurons below the magnet
Term
dev
Definition
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