Term
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Definition
| branch of pharmacology concerned with mechanisms of drug action and the relationships between drug concentration and responses in the body |
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Term
| What is a frequency distribution curve a graphic representation of? |
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Definition
| the number of patients that had a response to a drug at different doses |
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Term
| What do drug guides use as the standard dose for a drug? |
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Definition
| median effective dose (ED50) |
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Term
| What does the therapeutic index describe? |
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Definition
| a drug's margin of safety |
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Term
| With drugs exhibiting a narrow safety margin (low therapeutic index) how do you ensure that the patient is not given toxic levels of the drug? |
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Definition
| by starting with the lowest dose, then increase with careful monitoring |
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Term
| What is the therapeutic index (TI) formula? |
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Definition
| TI= median lethal dose (LD50)/median effective dose (ED50) |
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Term
| The higher the MOS value, the ______ the medication is |
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Definition
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Term
| How is the margin of safety (MOS) calculated? |
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Definition
| amount of drug that is lethal to 1% of animals (LD1)/ amount of drug that produces a therapeutic effect in 99% of animals (ED99) |
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Term
| Which phase of a dose-response curve is the most desirable? |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens in phase 3 of a does-response relationship? |
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Definition
| a plateau is reached and administering higher levels of the drug produces no additional therapeutic effect |
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Term
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Definition
| the amount of drug needed to produce a specified effect |
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Term
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Definition
| the maximum response that can be produced from a particular drug? |
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Term
| What does the receptor theory predict about the response of a drug related to receptors its bound to? |
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Definition
| the response of a drug is proportional to the concentration of receptors that are bound or occupied by the drug |
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Term
| What type of molecule are most receptors? |
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Definition
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Term
| When drugs are able to bind to a receptor and produce a strong action, they have high ________ |
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Definition
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Term
| When drugs act independently of cellular receptors, what are the actions described as? |
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Definition
| nonspecific cellular responses |
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Term
| What is a drug called that activates a receptor and produces the same type of response as the endogenous substance? |
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Definition
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Term
| What's the difference between an agonist and a partial agonist? |
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Definition
| partial produces a weaker response than an agonist |
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Term
| What does an antagonist do? |
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Definition
| occupy a receptor and prevent the endogenous chemical from binding to produce its action |
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