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Chapter 4: Inside the Cell
Essentials of Biology 2nd Edition
6
Biology
Undergraduate 1
09/05/2012

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Term
What would happen if bacteria became extinct?
Definition
If all bacteria became extinct, many diseases would be eradicated. Humans would lose an important research organism and an organism used in manufacturing food and drugs. More importantly, bacteria are critical organisms in decomposing dead organisms and recycling nutrients. Bacteria are also important organisms in animal digestive tracts, helping digest some foods and preventing disease-causing bacteria from finding a place to live. Without bacteria, life on earth could not exist. (Students may also know that cyanobacteria are photosynthetic and are critical in producing the earth's oxygen supply.)
Term
Where can DNA be found in a plant cell?
Hint: Think about the endosymbiotic theory!
Definition
DNA is found in the nucleus and in the mitochondria and chloroplasts.
Term
Describe the differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells
Definition
eukaryotic=has nucleus that houses DNA, larger, DNA forms the gnes that are located on chromosomes, are compartmentalized and contain small structures called organelles that differ in structure and function (4 categories of organelles)
prokaryotic=lack membrane-bounded nucleus and DNA located in region of the cytoplasm called the nucleoid, smaller size and simple structure reproduce quicky exist in great numbers in air, water, soil, and ourselves
Term
Describe the function of the cell organelles in plant and animal cells, and categorize organelles into four grouping based on function
Definition
PG. 56.
Term
Explain the endosymbiotic theory
Definition
PG. 279 Explanation of the evolution of eukaryotic organelles by phagocytosis of prokaryotes
Term
Describe how cells attach to each other in multicellular organisms
Definition
proteins and other molecules form bridges
similar cells combine to form tissues
PG 55 & 66 Junction proteins, cell junctions, cell adhesions,
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