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Chapter 4: Cultural Identity
Types of identities, racial/ethnic/ascribed/avowed/organizational, antilocution and extermination, racism, and ethnocentrism
17
Communication
Undergraduate 1
03/07/2012

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Term
List the 3 types of identities
Definition
Communal, relational, and personal
Term
Describe communal identity
Definition
the identity that connects you to a large group of people (Ex. I am an American, student, woman etc.)
Term
Describe relational identity
Definition
The identity that is a product of a relationship you have with another person (ex. I am a sister, mother. teacher etc.)
Term
Describe personal identity
Definition
The identity that makes us unique from others. (Ex. I am an optimist, thinker, great painter etc)
Term
What is the difference between racial and ethnic identity?
Definition
Racial identity is biological and something you are born into (Ex. Caucasian), ethnic identity is more of a shared heritage you have learned through life (ex. American)
Term
What is organization identity?
Definition
The degree to which we identify with the place we work for. In Asian cultures there is a lot of pride in the company one works for, as opposed to America where we don't tell people where we work unless asked.
Term
What does ascribed refer to in relation to identity?
Definition
These are the involuntary traits that are part of your identity. You have no control over them. (Ex race, relational(you cannot control if you are a sister))
Term
What does avowed refer to in relation to identity?
Definition
Characteristics a person has chosen to be a part of their identity (ex. Student, athlete, dancer, etc)
Term
What are some ways of avoiding stereotypes?
Definition
Increased interaction between groups, question your own stereotypes (who is the target? What is the content? Why do I believe this? What is the source? How much actual contact do I have with the target?), and distinguish between inflexible and flexible(be flexible: be open and aware) stereotypes
Term
What is antilocution?
Definition
A prejudice that involves saying things about another group (ex.racist jokes)
Term
What is extermination?
Definition
A prejudice that involves "getting rid" of a group of people through genocide, lynching, etc.
Term
Prejudice includes racism. What is racism?
Definition
The belief that one race is better than another.
Term
What are the three levels of ethnocentrism and what do they mean?
Definition
1. Positive (for you, your culture is preferred over all others)
2. Negative (Your culture is the center and all other cultures should be judged by it)
3. Extremely negative (your culture is the most powerful and other cultures should adopt your values and beliefs)
Term
Explain how ethnocentrism is universal.
Definition
Most people are ethnocentric, it is a type of glue that holds societies together. It is learned at an unconscious level.
Term
How does ethnocentrism contribute to cultural identity?
Definition
It provides members of a culture with feelings of identity and belonging. Strongest in moral and religious contexts.
Term
What are some problems with ethnocentrism?
Definition
1. Emotions overshadow rational thinking 2. Hard to practice negative ethnocentrism and have successful intercultural interactions 3.Makes you anxious to interact with other cultures, leading to less willing to trust someone from another culture
Term
Describe some ways to avoid ethnocentrism.
Definition
Avoid dogmatism (ask Q's that ask if one belief is more correct than others)Be aware of narrowness and intolerance. Be open to new views. (knowledge is power)
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