Term
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Definition
| Personal awareness of mental activities, internal sensations, and the external environment. |
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Term
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Definition
| A cycle or rhythm that is roughly 24 hours long; the cyclical daily fluctuations and biological and psychological processes. |
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Term
Suprachiasmatic Nucleus
(SCN) |
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Definition
| A cluster of neurons in the hypothalamus in the brain that governs the timing of circadian rhythms. |
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Term
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Definition
| A hormone manufactured by the pinneal gland that produces sleepiness. |
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Term
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Definition
| Described consciousness as a stream or river. Although always changing, consciousness in percieved as unified and unbroken, much like a stream. |
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Term
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Definition
| An instrument that uses electrodes placed on the scalp to measure and record the brain's elecrical activity. |
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Term
Electroencephalogram
(EEG) |
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Definition
| The graphic record of brain activity produced by an electroencephalograph. |
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Term
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Definition
| Rapid Eye Movement. Type of sleep during which rapid eye movements and dreming usually occur and voluntary muscle activity is suppressed; also called active sleep or paradoxical sleep. |
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Term
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Definition
| Non-Rapid Eye Movement. Quiet, typically dreamless sleep in which rapid eye movements are absent; divided into four stages; also called quiet sleep. |
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Term
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Definition
| Brain-wave pattern associated with alert wakefulness. |
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Term
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Definition
| Brain-wave pattern associated with relaxed wakefulness and drowsiness. |
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Term
| Hypnogogic Hallucinations |
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Definition
| Vivid sensory phenomena that occur during the onset of sleep. |
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Term
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Definition
| Short bursts of brain activity that characterize stage 2 NREM sleep. |
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Term
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Definition
| Single but large high-voltage spike of brain activity that characterizes stage 2 NREM sleep. |
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Term
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Definition
| A temprary condition in which a person is unable to move upon awakening in the morning or during the night. |
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Term
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Definition
| A phenomenon in which a person who is deprived of REM sleep greatly increases the amount of time spent in REM sleep at the first opportunity to sleep uninterrupted. |
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Term
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Definition
| Vague, blank, thought-like ruminations about real-life events that typically occur during NREM sleep; also called sleep mentation. |
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Term
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Definition
| An unfolding sequence of thoughts, perceptions, and emotions that typically occurs during REM sleep and is experienced as a series of real-life events. |
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Term
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Definition
| A vivid and frighteneing or unpleasant anxiety dream that occurs during REM sleep. |
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Term
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Definition
| In Freud's Psychoanalytic theory, the elements of a dream that are consciously experienced and remembered by the dreamer. |
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Term
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Definition
| In Freud's Psychoanalytic theory, the unconscious wishes, thoughts, and urges that are concealed in the manifest content of a dream. |
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Term
| Activation-Synthesis Model of Dreaming |
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Definition
| The theory that brain activity during sleep produces dream images (activation), which are combined by the brain into a dream story (synthesis) |
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Term
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Definition
| Serious and consistent sleep disturbances that interfere with daytime functioning and cause subjective distress. |
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Term
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Definition
| A category of sleep disorders involving disruptions in the amount, quality, or timing of sleep; includes insomnia, obstructive sleep apnea, and narcolepsy. |
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Term
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Definition
| A category of sleep disorders characterized by arousal or activation during sleep or sleep transitions; inclused sleepwalking, sleepsex, sleep terrors, sleep related eating disorder and REM sleep disorder behavior. |
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Term
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Definition
| A condition in which a person regularly experiences an inability to fall asleep, to stay asleep or to feel adequately rested by sleep. |
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Term
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Definition
| A sleep disorder in which the person repeatedly stops breathing during sleep. |
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Term
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Definition
| A sleep disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness and brief lapses into sleep throughout the day. |
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Term
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Definition
| A sudden loss of voluntary muscle strengeth and control that is usually triggered by an intense emotion. |
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Term
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Definition
| A special class of neurotransmitters produced during the daytime to maintain a steady state of wakefulness. |
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Term
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Definition
| A sleep disturbance characterized by an episode of incresed physiological arousal, intense fear and panic, frightening hallucinations, and no recall of the episode the next morining; typically occurs during stage 3 or 4 NREM sleep; also called night terrors. |
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Term
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Definition
| A sleep disorder involving abnormal sexual behaviors and experiences during sleep; also called sexsomnia. |
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Term
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Definition
| A sleep disturbance characterized by an episode of walking or performing other actions during stage 3 or 4 NREM sleep; also called somnambulism. |
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Term
Sleep-Related Eating Disorder
(SRED) |
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Definition
| A sleep disorder in which the sleeper will sleepwalk and eat compulsively. |
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Term
REM Sleep Behavior Disorder
(RBD) |
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Definition
| A sleep disorder characterized by the brain's failure to supress voluntary actions during REM sleep resulting in the sleeper verbally and physically responding to the drem story. |
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Term
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Definition
| A cooperative social interaction in which the hypnotized person responds to the hypnotist's suggestions with changes in perception, memory, and behavior. |
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Term
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Definition
| A suggestion made during hypnosis that the person should carry out a specific instruction following the hypnotic session. |
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Term
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Definition
| The inability to recall specific information because of a hypnotic suggestion. |
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Term
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Definition
| The supposed enhancement of a person's memory for past events through a hypnotic suggestion. |
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Term
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Definition
| The splitting of consciousness into two or more simultaneous streams of mental activity. |
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Term
Neodissociation Theory
Of Hypnosis |
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Definition
| Theory proposed by Ernest Hilgarde that explains hypnotic effects as bing due to the splitting of consciousness into two simultaneous streams of mental activity, only one of which the hypnotic participant is consciously aware of during hypnosis. |
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Term
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Definition
| Hilgard's term for the hidden, or dissociated, stream of mental activity that continues during hypnosis. |
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Term
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Definition
| Any one of a number of sustained concentration techniques that focus attention and heightened awareness. |
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Term
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Definition
| A drug that alters consciousness, perception, mood, and behavior. |
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Term
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Definition
| Condition in which a person has physically adapted to a drug so that he or she must take the drug regularly in order to avoid withdrawl symptoms. |
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Term
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Definition
| A condition in which incresing amounts of a physically addictive drug are needed to produce the original, desired effect. |
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Term
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Definition
| Unpleasant physical reactions, combined with intense drug cravings, that occur when a person abstains from a drug on which he or she is physically dependent. |
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Term
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Definition
| Withdrawal symptoms that are the opposite of a physically addictive drug's action. |
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Term
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Definition
| Recurring drug use that results in disruptions in academic, social, or occupational functioning or in legal or psychological problems. |
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Term
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Definition
| A category of psychoactive drugs that depress or inhibit brain activity. |
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Term
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Definition
| Chemical substances that are inhaled to produce an alteration in consciousness. |
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Term
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Definition
| A category of depressant drugs that reduce anxiety and produce sleepiness. |
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Term
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Definition
| Depressant drugs that relieve anxiety. |
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Term
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Definition
| A category of psychoactive drugs that are chemically similar to morphine and have stron pain relieving properties. |
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Term
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Definition
| A category of psychoactive drugs that increase brain activity, arouse behavior, and increase mental alertness. |
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Term
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Definition
| A stimulant drug found in coffee, tea, cola drinks, chocolate, and many over the counter medications. |
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Term
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Definition
| A stimulant drug found in tobacco products. |
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Term
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Definition
| A class of stimulant drugs that arouse the central nervous system and supress appetite. |
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Term
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Definition
| A stimulant drug derived from the coca tree. |
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Term
| Stimulant-Induced Psychosis |
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Definition
| Schizophrenia like symptoms that can occur as the result of prolonged amphetamine or cocaine use; also called amphetamine-induced psychosis or cocaine-induced psychosis |
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Term
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Definition
| A category of psychoactive drugs that create sensory and perceptual distortions, alter mood, and affect thinking. |
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Term
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Definition
| A psychedelic drug derived from the peyote cactus. |
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Term
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Definition
| A synthetic psychedelic drug. |
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Term
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Definition
| A psychoactive drug derived from the hemp plant. |
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Term
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Definition
| Synthetic club drug that combines stimulant and mild psychedelic effects. |
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Term
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Definition
| Class of drugs that reduce sensitivity to pain and produce feelings of detachment and dissociation; includes the club drugs PHENCYCLIDINE (PCP) and Ketamine. |
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Term
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Definition
| Insomnia treatment involving specific guidelines to create a strict association between the bedroom and rapid sleep onset. |
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