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Chapter 4 and 5
Information for Chapter 4 and 5
32
Science
9th Grade
09/24/2013

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Term
Electron
Definition
a negatively charged particle
Term
Nucleus
Definition
the center of an atom; contains protons and neutrons
Term
Neutron
Definition
a particle of nucleus with NO charge
Term
Protons
Definition
Postive particles in nucleus
Term
Atomic number
Definition
# of protons in atoms; also tells #of electrons
Term
mass number
Definition
# of protons and neutron in nucleus
Term
Isotope
Definition
atoms w/different # of neutrons; radioactive
Term
Mole
Definition
SI unit of atomic mass
Term
Energy levels
Definition
levels around the nucleus that hold electrons
Term
orbital
Definition
maximum electrons allowed per energy level
Term
valence electrons
Definition
number of electrons floating in outermost level
Term
periodic law
Definition
law that states that repeating chem and phys properties change periodically.
Term
period
Definition
horizontal row of periodic table
Term
group
Definition
vertical column in period table
Term
ionization
Definition
the process of gaining or losing electrons
Term
ion
Definition
an atom that has gained or lost electrons
Term
metal
Definition
element that is siny and conduct heat well
Term
nonmetal
Definition
element that conducts heat poorly and forms negative ions
Term
semiconductor
Definition
element that conduct better than insulator but not conductor.
Term
alkali metals
Definition
elements in Group I
Term
alkaline earth metal
Definition
elements in Group II
Term
halogen
Definition
elements in Group 17
Term
noble gas
Definition
Elements of Group 18; outermost level is full.
Term
transition metal
Definition
elements in Group3-12
Term
Democritus
Definition
proposed that universe is made of atoms.
Term
Thompson
Definition
discovered electrons
Term
Rutherford
Definition
discovered the nucleus
Term
Dalton
Definition
proved existence of atoms.
Term
What family is calcium in?
Definition
Akaline Earth metals
Term
What family in neon in?
Definition
Noble gases.
Term
What family is flourine in?
Definition
Halogens
Term
What family is sodium in?
Definition
Akali metals.
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