Term
|
Definition
The view that most of the protections of the Bill of Rights apply to state governments through the Fourteenth Amendment’s due process clause.
Gitlow v. New york |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Where most civil rights are found |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| speech, right to choose and practice, open press, protest, interest group activity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lowered voting age to 18 due to vietnam |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Fair Trial right of accused |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| jury of your peers right of accused |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bars excess punishment right of accused |
|
|
Term
| ??? NOT protected by the free exercise clause? |
|
Definition
| Refraining from certain vaccinations is generally NOT protected by the free exercise clause. |
|
|
Term
???A written defamation of a person's character, reputation, business, or property rights is called
The "clear and present danger" test is used to determine when it is permissible to restrict |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
???All of the following are true EXCEPT
a. civil liberties are limitations on the government—what government cannot do.
b. civil rights refer to the rights of Americans to equal protection under the law.
c. civil rights specify what government must do to ensure freedom from discrimination.
d. civil liberties and civil rights are the same thing. |
|
Definition
| Civil liberties and civil rights are not the same thing. |
|
|
Term
???All of the following are true of what happened after Brown v. Board of Education EXCEPT
a.combat troops were needed to integrate the University of Mississippi.
b. the Supreme Court ruled that integration was to take place "with all deliberate speed."
c. Chief Justice Earl Warren was impeached and removed from the U.S. Supreme Court.
d. there was resistance to integration in Little Rock, Arkansas and other southern states. |
|
Definition
| Chief Justice Earl Warren was not impeached and removed from the U.S. Supreme Court. |
|
|
Term
| ???Although, the AARP claims to represent 40 million people and has major funding, the group lacks significant |
|
Definition
| the group lacks significant cohesion |
|
|
Term
| ???Beginning in 1999, the United States Supreme Court has issued a series of decisions that has ________ the scope of the ADA. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ???In 1955 in Montgomery, Alabama, African Americans refused to use the Montgomery bus line. This unconventional form of pressure is known as a |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ???In Gideon v. Wainwright (1963), the Supreme Court held that if a person is accused of a felony and cannot afford an attorney, an attorney must be made available to the accused person |
|
Definition
| at the government's expense. |
|
|
Term
| ???In recent elections, Americans with a postgraduate education—more than a bachelor's degree |
|
Definition
| have voted predominantly for Democrats |
|
|
Term
| ???People who become members of interest groups for material incentives are joining |
|
Definition
| are joining to improve their economic opportunities or gain economic benefits. |
|
|
Term
| ???Public opinion affects the political process |
|
Definition
| because it is a source of power for elected officials who take positions supported by the people. |
|
|
Term
| ???The Civil Rights Act of 1964, the most far-reaching bill on civil rights in modern times, forbids discrimination on the basis of |
|
Definition
| of race, color, religion, gender, or national origin. |
|
|
Term
| ???The Equal Rights Amendment was first proposed in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ???The aggregate of individual attitudes or beliefs shared by some portion of the adult population |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ???The aim of push polls is to |
|
Definition
| persuade respondents to vote against a particular candidate |
|
|
Term
| ???The phrase "don't ask, don't tell" refers to a policy toward gay men and lesbians |
|
Definition
| granting limited protection to members of the military. |
|
|
Term
| ???The public uttering of a false statement that harms the good reputation of another is known as |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ???When an interest group uses ________ , it tries to generate public pressure by running media campaigns and taking public opinion polls to influence Congress. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
???Which of the following statements is true?
Women have had to struggle for equality just like other groups in the U.S.
b. Women's rights were included in the Constitution.
c. The first political right that women fought for was for the right to make a decision about abortion.
d. The struggle for women's rights first began in the 1970s. |
|
Definition
| equality just like other groups in the U.S. |
|
|
Term
| ???reason the pharmaceutical lobby is one of the most powerful lobbying groups |
|
Definition
| it has significant financial resources |
|
|
Term
| ???regarding methods for surveying voice-over-Internet users? |
|
Definition
| No polling firm has discovered a way to survey voice-over-Internet users. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Roe v wade (73)mjty opinion by trimester (privacy) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Determining which public-policy questions will be debated or considered |
|
|
Term
| American with disabilities act |
|
Definition
1990 accessibility, accomodations, does not require hiring unqualified
Sutton V. United Not applicable if the is a non invasive way to correct |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A policy in educational admissions and job hiring that gives special attention or compensatory treatment to traditionally disadvantaged groups in an effort to overcome present effects of past discrimination |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
13 abolished
14 born in us or naturalized (born in territories)
15 right to vote for black men |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution.
At conception only applied to federal gvt |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| contracts to work included punishment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A form of pressure or protest—an organized refusal to purchase a particular product or deal with a particular business. |
|
|
Term
| Childrens rights established |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
us born=citizen
equality under law |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The law regulating conduct between private persons over noncriminal matters, including contracts, domestic relations, and business interactions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The law regulating conduct between private persons over noncriminal matters, including contracts, domestic relations, and business interactions. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Those personal freedoms, including freedom of religion and freedom of speech, that are protected for all individuals. The civil liberties set forth in the U.S. Constitution, as amended, restrain the government from taking certain actions against individuals.
What gvt cannot do to you, located in the first 10 amendments |
|
|
Term
| Civil liberties and security |
|
Definition
risks outweigh
patriot act only existed for 3 days, too big to read yet passed because of fear |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| found in the 14th amendment equal protection clause |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| public accommodations regardless of race |
|
|
Term
| clear and present danger test |
|
Definition
| The test proposed by Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes for determining when government may restrict free speech. Restrictions are permissible, he argued, only when speech creates a clear and present danger to the public order. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The use of public relations techniques to create favorable public opinion toward an interest group, industry, or corporation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Advertising statements, which increasingly have been given First Amendment protection.
except for gvt interest...ie smoking (but think of the children) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Judge-made law that originated in England from decisions shaped according to prevailing customs. Decisions were applied to similar situations and thus gradually became common to the nation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The law that defines crimes and provides punishment for violations. In criminal cases, the government is the prosecutor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
currently challenged under 8th
Cruel and unusual
Ring v Arizona-on juries can impose death penalty
Roper v simmons over 18 at time of crime
72-76 no death penalty |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Racial segregation that occurs because of past social and economic conditions and residential racial patterns. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Racial segregation that occurs because of laws or administrative decisions by public agencies. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An interest group activity that involves personal interaction with government officials to further the group’s goals. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| defense of marriage act-gvt sees man and a woman as married unconstitutional |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| if you were brought here illegally and you are not a criminal and a productive member of society you are given a 2 year green card |
|
|
Term
| Education for all handicapped children |
|
Definition
| appropriate education (at their level) |
|
|
Term
| emancipation Proclamation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| criminal sanction for violating black civil rights |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The part of the First Amendment prohibiting the establishment of a church officially supported by the national government. no official religion
Separation of church and state-
Everson v Board of education 1947
Thomas Jefferson wrote on escaping religious persecution |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| According to science the best explanation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A judicial policy prohibiting the admission at trial of illegally obtained evidence. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| regulates movies, radio, Tv and sort of internet under first amendment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Federal Communications Commission rule enforced between 1949 and 1987 that required radio and television to present controversial issues in a manner that was (in the commission’s view) honest, equitable, and balanced.
Found unconstitutional Based on 1st amendment |
|
|
Term
| Fed Aid to church related schools |
|
Definition
not to be spent on religious items
Also school vouchers=school choic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Establishing the context of a polling question or a media report. Framing can mean fitting events into a familiar story or activating preconceived beliefs. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Choice of religion
Exception when boarder on illegal (jimjones)
Churches have tax exemption
The provision of the First Amendment guaranteeing the free exercise of religion. The provision constrains the national government from prohibiting individuals from practicing the religion of their choice |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The difficulty interest groups face in recruiting members when the benefits they achieve can be gained without joining the group. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Freedom of speech
Prior restraint was censorship..scotus very critical of censorship |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An order issued by a judge restricting the publication of news about a trial or a pretrial hearing to protect the accused’s right to a fair trial. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Any practice, policy, or procedure that denies equality of treatment to an individual or to a group because of gender. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The long-lasting effect of the events of a particular time on the political opinions of those who came of political age at that time. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| right to an attorney right of accused |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A device used by southern states to disenfranchise African Americans. It restricted voting to those whose grandfathers had voted before 1867. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
expectation of privacy
not explicitly in constitution
1,3,4,5 & 9 amendment (privacy) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Not allowed to insight violence |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
posess the least civil rights
Constitutional rights that apply to every person in us ( due process)
Deportation is terrorist |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The economic and political expression of working class interests |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A strategy employed by interest groups that uses third parties to influence government officials. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In public opinion polling, an effect in which one polling organization’s results consistently differ from those reported by other poll takers. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The standard used by the courts to determine whether a law or government action improperly discriminates against women. Also known as exacting scrutiny. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An organized group of individuals sharing common objectives who actively attempt to influence policymakers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The economic and political expression of working-class interests. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Public-policy interests that are not recognized or addressed by a group at a particular time. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A written defamation of a person’s character, reputation, business, or property rights. easier to prove
Conflicts with 6th amendment to libel cause of right to fair trial |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A test administered as a precondition for voting, often used to prevent African Americans from exercising their right to vote. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An organization or individual who attempts to influence legislation and the administrative decisions of government. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An organization or individual who attempts to influence legislation and the administrative decisions of government. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The age at which a person is entitled by law to the right to manage her or his own affairs. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A reason or motive based on the desire to enjoy certain economic benefits or opportunities. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
"Miranda rights' right of accused
if threat can wait |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| not national security council! wiretappers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A method of systematically questioning a small, selected sample of respondents who are deemed representative of the total population. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| beliefs shared by portion of adult society |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Restraining an activity before it has actually occurred. When expression is involved, this means censorship. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The process by which people acquire political beliefs and values.
By family, school, friends, media |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A special tax that had to be paid as a qualification for voting. In 1964, the Twenty-fourth Amendment to the Constitution outlawed the poll tax in national elections, and in 1966 the Supreme Court declared it unconstitutional in state elections as well. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A reason for supporting or participating in the activities of a group that is based on agreement with the goals of the group. For example, someone with a strong interest in human rights might have a purposive incentive to join Amnesty International |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The aggregate of individual attitudes or beliefs shared by some portion of the adult population.
Influences...age, socioeco status, religion, race, ethnicity, gender, regionOccupation, Education |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
right to privacy includes refusal of treatment
exception-parents failing to treat children |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The best interests of the overall community; the national good, rather than the narrow interests of a particular group. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The difference between a sample’s results and the true result if the entire population had been interviewed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The sector of the economy that provides services—such as health care, banking, and education—in contrast to the sector that produces goods. |
|
|
Term
| separate-but-equal doctrine |
|
Definition
| The doctrine holding that separate-but-equal facilities do not violate the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The public uttering of a false statement that harms the good reputation of another. The statement must be made to, or within the hearing of, a person other than the defamed party. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| end 1808 foreign slave trade, not domestic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A reason or motive that follows from the desire to associate with others and to share with others a particular interest or hobby. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A movement that represents the demands of a large segment of the public for political, economic, or social change. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The value assigned to a person due to occupation or income. An upperclass person, for example, has high socioeconomic status. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A judicial standard for assessing the constitutionality of a law or government action when the law or action threatens to interfere with a fundamental right or potentially discriminates against members of a suspect classification. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
HS can restrict speech
Campus codes in private universities, not private |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Expression made through articles of clothing, gestures, movements, and other forms of nonverbal conduct. Symbolic speech is given substantial protection by the courts.
tinker v des moines (69)
TX v Johnson-burnt flag, couldn't jail for offending us |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A classification, such as race, religion, or national origin, that triggers strict scrutiny by the courts when a law or government action potentially discriminates against members of the class. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Affirmative action okay, quota system is not |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The right of all adults to vote for their government representatives.
19th amendment but not actually til 1965 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
obscenity (difficult to define)
Slander 9 false statements to harm reputation)Liable is easier to prove |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
outlawed discriminatory tests
federal registration of voters
administered voting procedures declared unconstitutional -promotes voter fraud |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The 1972 illegal entry into the Democratic National Committee offices by participants in President Richard Nixon’s reelection campaign. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 50% of population 20% in senate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Habeas corpus means, literally, “you have the body.” A writ of habeas corpus is an order that requires jailers to bring a prisoner before a court or a judge and explain why the person is being held. |
|
|
