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chapter 4-7 Political Science
quiz 3-24
125
Political Studies
Undergraduate 1
03/17/2015

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Term
14th amendment
Definition
The view that most of the protections of the Bill of Rights apply to state governments through the Fourteenth Amendment’s due process clause.

Gitlow v. New york
Term
1st amendment
Definition
Where most civil rights are found
Term
1st amendment
Definition
speech, right to choose and practice, open press, protest, interest group activity
Term
26th amendment
Definition
lowered voting age to 18 due to vietnam
Term
6th amendment
Definition
Fair Trial right of accused
Term
7th amendment
Definition
jury of your peers right of accused
Term
8th amendment
Definition
bars excess punishment right of accused
Term
??? NOT protected by the free exercise clause?
Definition
Refraining from certain vaccinations is generally NOT protected by the free exercise clause.
Term
???A written defamation of a person's character, reputation, business, or property rights is called


The "clear and present danger" test is used to determine when it is permissible to restrict
Definition
freedom of speech
Term
???All of the following are true EXCEPT
a. civil liberties are limitations on the government—what government cannot do.
b. civil rights refer to the rights of Americans to equal protection under the law.
c. civil rights specify what government must do to ensure freedom from discrimination.
d. civil liberties and civil rights are the same thing.
Definition
Civil liberties and civil rights are not the same thing.
Term
???All of the following are true of what happened after Brown v. Board of Education EXCEPT
a.combat troops were needed to integrate the University of Mississippi.
b. the Supreme Court ruled that integration was to take place "with all deliberate speed."
c. Chief Justice Earl Warren was impeached and removed from the U.S. Supreme Court.
d. there was resistance to integration in Little Rock, Arkansas and other southern states.
Definition
Chief Justice Earl Warren was not impeached and removed from the U.S. Supreme Court.
Term
???Although, the AARP claims to represent 40 million people and has major funding, the group lacks significant
Definition
the group lacks significant cohesion
Term
???Beginning in 1999, the United States Supreme Court has issued a series of decisions that has ________ the scope of the ADA.
Definition
limited
Term
???In 1955 in Montgomery, Alabama, African Americans refused to use the Montgomery bus line. This unconventional form of pressure is known as a
Definition
boycott.
Term
???In Gideon v. Wainwright (1963), the Supreme Court held that if a person is accused of a felony and cannot afford an attorney, an attorney must be made available to the accused person
Definition
at the government's expense.
Term
???In recent elections, Americans with a postgraduate education—more than a bachelor's degree
Definition
have voted predominantly for Democrats
Term
???People who become members of interest groups for material incentives are joining
Definition
are joining to improve their economic opportunities or gain economic benefits.
Term
???Public opinion affects the political process
Definition
because it is a source of power for elected officials who take positions supported by the people.
Term
???The Civil Rights Act of 1964, the most far-reaching bill on civil rights in modern times, forbids discrimination on the basis of
Definition
of race, color, religion, gender, or national origin.
Term
???The Equal Rights Amendment was first proposed in
Definition
1923.
Term
???The aggregate of individual attitudes or beliefs shared by some portion of the adult population
Definition
Public opinion
Term
???The aim of push polls is to
Definition
persuade respondents to vote against a particular candidate
Term
???The phrase "don't ask, don't tell" refers to a policy toward gay men and lesbians
Definition
granting limited protection to members of the military.
Term
???The public uttering of a false statement that harms the good reputation of another is known as
Definition
slander
Term
???When an interest group uses ________ , it tries to generate public pressure by running media campaigns and taking public opinion polls to influence Congress.
Definition
indirect technique
Term
???Which of the following statements is true?
Women have had to struggle for equality just like other groups in the U.S.
b. Women's rights were included in the Constitution.
c. The first political right that women fought for was for the right to make a decision about abortion.
d. The struggle for women's rights first began in the 1970s.
Definition
equality just like other groups in the U.S.
Term
???reason the pharmaceutical lobby is one of the most powerful lobbying groups
Definition
it has significant financial resources
Term
???regarding methods for surveying voice-over-Internet users?
Definition
No polling firm has discovered a way to survey voice-over-Internet users.
Term
Abortion
Definition
Roe v wade (73)mjty opinion by trimester (privacy)
Term
agenda setting
Definition
Determining which public-policy questions will be debated or considered
Term
American with disabilities act
Definition
1990 accessibility, accomodations, does not require hiring unqualified
Sutton V. United Not applicable if the is a non invasive way to correct
Term
affirmative action
Definition
A policy in educational admissions and job hiring that gives special attention or compensatory treatment to traditionally disadvantaged groups in an effort to overcome present effects of past discrimination
Term
amendments and slavery
Definition
13 abolished
14 born in us or naturalized (born in territories)
15 right to vote for black men
Term
Bill of Rights
Definition
The first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution.
At conception only applied to federal gvt
Term
Black Codes
Definition
contracts to work included punishment
Term
boycott
Definition
A form of pressure or protest—an organized refusal to purchase a particular product or deal with a particular business.
Term
Childrens rights established
Definition
1967
Term
Civil Acts rights (1866)
Definition
us born=citizen
equality under law
Term
civil disobedience
Definition
The law regulating conduct between private persons over noncriminal matters, including contracts, domestic relations, and business interactions
Term
civil law
Definition
The law regulating conduct between private persons over noncriminal matters, including contracts, domestic relations, and business interactions.
Term
civil liberties
Definition
Those personal freedoms, including freedom of religion and freedom of speech, that are protected for all individuals. The civil liberties set forth in the U.S. Constitution, as amended, restrain the government from taking certain actions against individuals.
What gvt cannot do to you, located in the first 10 amendments
Term
Civil liberties and security
Definition
risks outweigh
patriot act only existed for 3 days, too big to read yet passed because of fear
Term
Civil rights
Definition
found in the 14th amendment equal protection clause
Term
Civil Rights Act (1872)
Definition
no one followed
Term
Civil Rights Act (1875)
Definition
public accommodations regardless of race
Term
clear and present danger test
Definition
The test proposed by Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes for determining when government may restrict free speech. Restrictions are permissible, he argued, only when speech creates a clear and present danger to the public order.
Term
climate control
Definition
The use of public relations techniques to create favorable public opinion toward an interest group, industry, or corporation.
Term
commercial speech
Definition
Advertising statements, which increasingly have been given First Amendment protection.

except for gvt interest...ie smoking (but think of the children)
Term
common law
Definition
Judge-made law that originated in England from decisions shaped according to prevailing customs. Decisions were applied to similar situations and thus gradually became common to the nation.
Term
Confidence intervals
Definition
Opinion Poll
Term
consensus
Definition
Term
criminal law
Definition
The law that defines crimes and provides punishment for violations. In criminal cases, the government is the prosecutor
Term
death penalty
Definition
currently challenged under 8th
Cruel and unusual

Ring v Arizona-on juries can impose death penalty
Roper v simmons over 18 at time of crime
72-76 no death penalty
Term
de facto segregation
Definition
Racial segregation that occurs because of past social and economic conditions and residential racial patterns.
Term
de jure segregation
Definition
Racial segregation that occurs because of laws or administrative decisions by public agencies.
Term
direct technique
Definition
An interest group activity that involves personal interaction with government officials to further the group’s goals.
Term
divided opinion
Definition
Term
DOMA
Definition
defense of marriage act-gvt sees man and a woman as married unconstitutional
Term
Dream Act
Definition
if you were brought here illegally and you are not a criminal and a productive member of society you are given a 2 year green card
Term
Education for all handicapped children
Definition
appropriate education (at their level)
Term
emancipation Proclamation
Definition
1863 Lincoln
Term
Enforcement Act (1870)
Definition
criminal sanction for violating black civil rights
Term
establishment clause
Definition
The part of the First Amendment prohibiting the establishment of a church officially supported by the national government. no official religion
Separation of church and state-
Everson v Board of education 1947
Thomas Jefferson wrote on escaping religious persecution
Term
Evolution
Definition
According to science the best explanation
Term
exclusionary rule
Definition
A judicial policy prohibiting the admission at trial of illegally obtained evidence.
Term
Ex post facto
Definition
Term
FCC
Definition
regulates movies, radio, Tv and sort of internet under first amendment
Term
Fairness Doctrine
Definition
Federal Communications Commission rule enforced between 1949 and 1987 that required radio and television to present controversial issues in a manner that was (in the commission’s view) honest, equitable, and balanced.
Found unconstitutional Based on 1st amendment
Term
Fed Aid to church related schools
Definition
not to be spent on religious items
Also school vouchers=school choic
Term
framing
Definition
Establishing the context of a polling question or a media report. Framing can mean fitting events into a familiar story or activating preconceived beliefs.
Term
Free exercise clause
Definition
Choice of religion
Exception when boarder on illegal (jimjones)
Churches have tax exemption
The provision of the First Amendment guaranteeing the free exercise of religion. The provision constrains the national government from prohibiting individuals from practicing the religion of their choice
Term
free rider problem
Definition
The difficulty interest groups face in recruiting members when the benefits they achieve can be gained without joining the group.
Term
Freedom of expression
Definition
Freedom of speech
Prior restraint was censorship..scotus very critical of censorship
Term
Gag Order
Definition
An order issued by a judge restricting the publication of news about a trial or a pretrial hearing to protect the accused’s right to a fair trial.
Term
gender discrimination
Definition
Any practice, policy, or procedure that denies equality of treatment to an individual or to a group because of gender.
Term
generational effect
Definition
The long-lasting effect of the events of a particular time on the political opinions of those who came of political age at that time.
Term
Gideon v wainwright (63)
Definition
right to an attorney right of accused
Term
grandfather clause
Definition
A device used by southern states to disenfranchise African Americans. It restricted voting to those whose grandfathers had voted before 1867.
Term
Griswold v connecticut
Definition
expectation of privacy
not explicitly in constitution
1,3,4,5 & 9 amendment (privacy)
Term
Hate speech
Definition
Not allowed to insight violence
Term
Immigrants
Definition
posess the least civil rights
Constitutional rights that apply to every person in us ( due process)
Deportation is terrorist
Term
Labor movement
Definition
The economic and political expression of working class interests
Term
indirect technique
Definition
A strategy employed by interest groups that uses third parties to influence government officials.
Term
house effect
Definition
In public opinion polling, an effect in which one polling organization’s results consistently differ from those reported by other poll takers.
Term
intermediate scrutiny
Definition
The standard used by the courts to determine whether a law or government action improperly discriminates against women. Also known as exacting scrutiny.
Term
interest group
Definition
An organized group of individuals sharing common objectives who actively attempt to influence policymakers
Term
labor movement
Definition
The economic and political expression of working-class interests.
Term
latent interests
Definition
Public-policy interests that are not recognized or addressed by a group at a particular time.
Term
Lawrence v texas
Definition
sodomy laws
Term
libel
Definition
A written defamation of a person’s character, reputation, business, or property rights. easier to prove
Conflicts with 6th amendment to libel cause of right to fair trial
Term
literacy test
Definition
A test administered as a precondition for voting, often used to prevent African Americans from exercising their right to vote.
Term
lobbyist
Definition
An organization or individual who attempts to influence legislation and the administrative decisions of government.
Term
lobbyist
Definition
An organization or individual who attempts to influence legislation and the administrative decisions of government.
Term
majority
Definition
The age at which a person is entitled by law to the right to manage her or his own affairs.
Term
material incentive
Definition
A reason or motive based on the desire to enjoy certain economic benefits or opportunities.
Term
Miranda v arizona
Definition
"Miranda rights' right of accused
if threat can wait
Term
NSa
Definition
not national security council! wiretappers
Term
opinion poll
Definition
A method of systematically questioning a small, selected sample of respondents who are deemed representative of the total population.
Term
Political opinion
Definition
beliefs shared by portion of adult society
Term
prior restraint
Definition
Restraining an activity before it has actually occurred. When expression is involved, this means censorship.
Term
political socialization
Definition
The process by which people acquire political beliefs and values.
By family, school, friends, media
Term
poll tax
Definition
A special tax that had to be paid as a qualification for voting. In 1964, the Twenty-fourth Amendment to the Constitution outlawed the poll tax in national elections, and in 1966 the Supreme Court declared it unconstitutional in state elections as well.
Term
purposive incentive
Definition
A reason for supporting or participating in the activities of a group that is based on agreement with the goals of the group. For example, someone with a strong interest in human rights might have a purposive incentive to join Amnesty International
Term
public opinion
Definition
The aggregate of individual attitudes or beliefs shared by some portion of the adult population.
Influences...age, socioeco status, religion, race, ethnicity, gender, regionOccupation, Education
Term
Right to die
Definition
right to privacy includes refusal of treatment

exception-parents failing to treat children
Term
public interest
Definition
The best interests of the overall community; the national good, rather than the narrow interests of a particular group.
Term
sampling error
Definition
The difference between a sample’s results and the true result if the entire population had been interviewed
Term
service sector
Definition
The sector of the economy that provides services—such as health care, banking, and education—in contrast to the sector that produces goods.
Term
separate-but-equal doctrine
Definition
The doctrine holding that separate-but-equal facilities do not violate the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.
Term
slander
Definition
The public uttering of a false statement that harms the good reputation of another. The statement must be made to, or within the hearing of, a person other than the defamed party.
Term
Slavery
Definition
end 1808 foreign slave trade, not domestic
Term
solidary incentive
Definition
A reason or motive that follows from the desire to associate with others and to share with others a particular interest or hobby.
Term
social movement
Definition
A movement that represents the demands of a large segment of the public for political, economic, or social change.
Term
socioeconomic status
Definition
The value assigned to a person due to occupation or income. An upperclass person, for example, has high socioeconomic status.
Term
strict scrutiny
Definition
A judicial standard for assessing the constitutionality of a law or government action when the law or action threatens to interfere with a fundamental right or potentially discriminates against members of a suspect classification.
Term
Student Speech
Definition
HS can restrict speech
Campus codes in private universities, not private
Term
symbolic speech
Definition
Expression made through articles of clothing, gestures, movements, and other forms of nonverbal conduct. Symbolic speech is given substantial protection by the courts.
tinker v des moines (69)
TX v Johnson-burnt flag, couldn't jail for offending us
Term
suspect classification
Definition
A classification, such as race, religion, or national origin, that triggers strict scrutiny by the courts when a law or government action potentially discriminates against members of the class.
Term
U C regeants v Bakke
Definition
Affirmative action okay, quota system is not
Term
Universal Suffrage
Definition
The right of all adults to vote for their government representatives.
19th amendment but not actually til 1965
Term
Unprotected speech
Definition
obscenity (difficult to define)
Slander 9 false statements to harm reputation)Liable is easier to prove
Term
Voting Rights Act
Definition
outlawed discriminatory tests
federal registration of voters
administered voting procedures declared unconstitutional -promotes voter fraud
Term
Watergate break-in
Definition
The 1972 illegal entry into the Democratic National Committee offices by participants in President Richard Nixon’s reelection campaign.
Term
Women in politics
Definition
50% of population 20% in senate
Term
writ of habeas corpus
Definition
Habeas corpus means, literally, “you have the body.” A writ of habeas corpus is an order that requires jailers to bring a prisoner before a court or a judge and explain why the person is being held.
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