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Chapter 4
The Structure of the Atom
20
Chemistry
10th Grade
09/24/2007

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Term
atom
Definition
smallest part of an element that retains the properties of the element
Term
electron
Definition
negatively charged subatomic particle
Term
nucleus
Definition
dense, centrally located, mass of an atom
Term
proton
Definition
positively charged subatomic particle in the nucleus
Term
neutron
Definition
neutral subatomic particle in the nucleus
Term
atomic number
Definition
number of protons in an atom
Term
isotope
Definition
same number of protons, but different numbers of neutrons
Term
mass number
Definition
sum of the protons and neutrons in the nucleus
Term
atomic mass unit (amu)
Definition
one-twelfth the mass of a carbon-12 atom
Term
atomic mass
Definition
weighted average mass of all isotopes of an element
Term
nuclear reaction
Definition
involves a change in the nucleus
Term
radioactivity
Definition
process of emitting radiation
Term
radiation
Definition
rays and particles emitted by a radioactive material
Term
radioactive decay
Definition
the spontaneous process of radioactivity
Term
alpha radiation
Definition
deflected toward a negatively charged plate
Term
alpha particle
Definition
two protons and two neutrons (2+ charge)
Term
nuclear equation
Definition
shows atomic number and mass number of particles involved
Term
beta radiation
Definition
deflected toward a positively charged plate
Term
beta particle
Definition
an electron (1- charge)
Term
gamma ray
Definition
high energy radiation with no mass or charge
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