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| A branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span |
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| The fertilized egg; it enters a 2-week period of rapid cell division and develops into an embryo |
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| Teh developing human organism from about 2 weeks after fertilization through the second month |
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| The developing human organism from 9 weeks after conception to birth |
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| Agents, such as toxins, chemicals, and viruses, that can reach the embryo or fetus during prenatal development and cause harm |
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| Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) |
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| Physical and cognitive abnormalities in children caused by a pregnant worman's heavy drinking. In severe cases, symptoms include noticeable facial misporportions |
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| Decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation. As infants gain familiarity with repeated exposure to a visual stimulus, their interest wanes and they look away sooner |
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| Biological growth processes that enable orderly changes in behavior, relatively uninfluenced by experience |
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| An optimal period early in the life of an organism when exposure to certain stimuli or experiences produces normal development |
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| All the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating |
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| A concept or framework that organizes and interprets information |
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| Interpreting our new experiences in terms of our existing schemas |
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| Adapting our current understandings (schemas) to incorporate new information |
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| In Piaget's theory, the stage (from birth to about 2 years of age) during which infants know the world mostly in terms of their sensory impressions and motor activities (Object permemance, Stranger anxiety) |
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| The awareness that things continue to exist even when not percieved |
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| In Piaget's theory, the stage (from about 2 to about 6 or 7 years of age) during which a child learns to use language but does not yet comprehend the mental operations of concrete logic (pretend play, Egocentrism) |
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| The principle (which Piaget believed to be a part of concrete operational reasoning) that properties such as mass, volume, and number remain the same despite changes in the forms of objects |
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| in Piaget's theory, the preoperational child's difficulty taking another's point of view |
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| People's ideas about their own and others' mental states-about their feelings, perceptions, and thoughts, and the behavior these might predict |
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| Concrete Operational Stage |
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| In Piaget's theory, the stage of cognitive development (from about 6 or 7 to 11) during which children gain the mental operations that enable them to think logically about concrete events (Conservation, Mathematical transformations) |
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| In Piaget's theory, the stage of cognitive development (beginning around 12) diring which people begin to think logically about absract concepts (Potential for mature moral reasoning) |
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| Emphasized how the child's mind grows through interaction with their social environment |
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| The fear of strangers that infants commonly display, beginning by about 8 months of age |
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| An emotional tie with another person; shown by young children by their seeking closeness to the caregiver and showing distress upon separation |
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| The process by which certain animals from attachments during a critical period very early in life |
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| A person's characteristic emotional reactivity and intensity |
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| According to Erik Erikson, a sense that the world is predictable and trustworthy; said to be formed during infancy by appropriate experiences with responsive caregivers |
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| Developed the theory about the stages of Moral thinking |
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| Our sense of self; according to Erikson, the adolescent's task is to solidify a sense of self by testing and integrating various roles |
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| The "we" aspect of our self-concept; the part of our answer to "Who am I?" that comes from our group memberships |
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| In Erikson's theory, the ability to form close, loving relationships; a primary developmental task in late adolescence and early adulthood |
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| For some people in modern cultures, a period from the late teens to mid-twenties, bridging the gap between adolescent dependence and full independence and responsible adulthood |
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| The time of natural cessation of menstruation; also refers to the biological changes a woman experiences as her ability to reproduce declines |
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| A study in which people of different ages are compared with one another |
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| Research in which the same people are restudied and retested over a long period |
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| The culterally preferred timing of social events such as marriage, parenthood, and retirement |
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