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Chapter 4
A Tour of the Cell
16
Biology
Undergraduate 1
06/17/2010

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Term
Prokaryotic Cells
Definition
Simple primitive cells that make up bacteria and archaea.
Term
Eukaryotic Cells
Definition
Make up protists, fungi, plants, and animals
Term
Plasma Membrane
Definition
A membrane that bind
Term
Nucleus
Definition
Contains most of the cell's DNA and cntrols the cell's activities by directing protein synthesis.
Term
Chromatin
Definition
A material that contains a complex of proteins and DNA.
Term
Nuclear Envelope
Definition
A double membrane perforated with protein-lined pores that control the flow of materials into and out of the nucleus.
Term
Nucleolus
Definition
A prominent structure in the nucleus, is the site where a special type of RNA called ribosomal RNA is synthesized according to instructions in the DNA
Term
Ribosomes
Definition
Carry out protein synthesis. Found in two locations: free and bound (bound are attached to the outside of the endoplasmic reticulum and the nuclear envelope.
Term
Endomembrane System
Definition
 Includes nuclear envelope, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vacuoles, and the plasma membrane. Work in the synthesis, storage, and export of molecules.
Term
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Definition
Means "little net within the cytoplasm"...Smooth ER is important in synthesis of lipids, also stores calcium ions. Rough ER has ribosomes that are bound to it that produce polypeptides which are transferred to golgi apparatus by vesicles.
Term
Golgi Apparatus
Definition
Serves as a molecular warehouse by receiving and modifying products manufactured by the ER. One side is a receiving dock, the other side is for shipping.
Term
Lysosome
Definition
Have several functions. Many engulf food, but they also serve as recycling centers for animal cells. Helps the cell continually renew itself.
Term
Vacuoles
Definition
Membranous sacs that have a variety of functions. Plant cells have central vacuoles which has hydrolic functions, also helps the cell grow in size by absorbing water, and stores vital chemicals or waste products.
Term
Mitochondria
Definition
Organeles that carry out cellular respiration in nearly all eukaryotic cells, converting hte chemical energy of foods as sugars to the chemical energy of a molecule called ATP
Term
ATP
Definition
Adenosine triphoshate. The main energy source for cellular work.
Term
Chloroplasts
Definition
The photosynthesizing organelles of all photosynthetic eukaryotes.
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