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Chapter 4
Prokaryotes
28
Biology
Undergraduate 2
09/23/2013

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Term
What are the oldest lineage of life on Earth that are the most abundant and diverse?
Definition
Prokaryotes
Term
All life can be divided into 3...?
Definition
Domains
Term
What suggested that archaea and bacteria should not be grouped together?
Definition
DNA sequences of ribosomal RNA genes
Term
What are prokaryotes typically classified by?
Definition
Shape, cell wall staining properties, major metabolic pathways
Term
The domain Archaea is best known for inhabitants that?
Definition
Live in inhospitable places
Term
What are archaea that live in very salty places?
Definition
Halophiles
Term
What are achaea that live in very hot places?
Definition
Thermophiles
Term
What archaea produce methane?
Definition
Methanogens
Term
What is one of the easiest methods of identifying prokaryotes?
Definition
Gram stain
Term
What are the two gram stain groups?
Definition
gram positive and gram negative
Term
Gram positive bacteria appear what color?
Definition
purple
Term
Gram negative bacteria appear what color?
Definition
reddish-pink
Term
What makes a bacteria gram positive besides color?
Definition
High peptidoglycan
Term
What makes a bacteria gram negative besides color?
Definition
Low peptidoglycan
Term
Why would gram + antibiotics not be effective against a gram negative bacteria?
Definition
Protective and often toxic outer membrane
Term
What are round bacteria?
Definition
cocci
Term
What are rod-shaped bacteria?
Definition
bacilli
Term
What are cocci clusters?
Definition
staphylococcus
Term
What are chains of cocci?
Definition
Streptococcus
Term
What are rod-shaped bacteria in pairs or chains?
Definition
streptobacilli
Term
What are the two types of spiral bacteria?
Definition
helical and vibrio
Term
What are short helical bacteria called?
Definition
Spirillium
Term
What are longer helical bacteria called?
Definition
Spirochetes
Term
What is an intimate relationship between species?
Definition
Symbioisis
Term
What is a symbiosis beneficial to both parties?
Definition
mutualistic
Term
What is using living organisms to remove pollutants from the environment?
Definition
Bioremediation
Term
What is the largest bacterium in the world?
Definition
Thiomargarita namibiensus
Term
species diversity =
Definition
species richness + species abundance
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