Term
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Definition
| the techniques and strategies for preventing deviant behavior in any society |
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Term
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Definition
| going along with peers - individuals of our own status, who have no special right to direct our behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| compliance with higher authorities in a hierarchical structure |
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Term
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Definition
| goverenmental social control |
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Term
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Definition
| behavior that violates the standards of conduct or expectations of a group or society |
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Term
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Definition
| labels society uses to devalue members of certain social groups |
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Term
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Definition
| the loss of direction felt in a society when social control of individualbehavior has become ineffective |
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Term
| anomie theory of deviance |
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Definition
| a theory developed by Robert Merton that explains deviance as an adaptation either of socially perscribed goals or of the norms governing their attainment, or both |
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Term
| Merton's modes of individual adaptation |
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Definition
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Mode
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Institutionalized Means (Hard Work)
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Societal Goals (Acquisition of Wealth)
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Nondeviant
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Conformity
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Acceptance
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Acceptance
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Deviant
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Innovation
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Rejection
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Acceptance
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Ritualism
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Acceptance
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Rejection
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Retreatism
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Acceptance
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Rejection
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Rebellion
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Acceptance/ Rejection
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Acceptance/ Rejection
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Term
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Definition
| emphasizes that people learn criminal behavior through their social interactions |
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Term
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Definition
| the process through which exposure to attitudes favorable to criminal acts leads to rule violations |
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Term
| social disorganization theory |
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Definition
| the theory the increases in crime and deviance can be attributed to the absence or breakdown of communal relationships and social insitutions, such as the family, school, church, and local government |
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Term
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Definition
| a theory that attempts to explain why certain people are viewed as deviants |
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Term
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Definition
the resonse the the act, not the behavior itself, that determines deviance
a.k.a Labeling theory |
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Term
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Definition
| a violation of criminal law for which some governmental authority applies formal penalties |
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Term
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Definition
| the willing exhange among adults of widely desired, but illegal, goods and services |
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Term
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Definition
| a person who pursues crime as a day-to-day occupation, developing skilled techniques and enjoying a certin degree of status among other criminals |
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Term
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Definition
| the work of a group that regulates relations between various criminal enterprises involved in various illegal activities, including the smuggling and sale of drugs, prostitution, and gambling |
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Term
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Definition
| illegal acts committed in the course of business activities, ofthern by affluent, "respectable" people |
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Term
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Definition
| crime that occurs across multiple national borders |
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Term
| crime has gone down in the U.S. what are the three explanations for this? |
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Definition
1) community - oriented policing and crime prevention programs
2) new gun control laws
3) A massive increase in the prison population, which at least prevents inmates from committing crimes outside of prison |
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Term
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Definition
| Questioning of ordinary people, not police officers, to determine whether they have ben victims of crime |
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Term
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Definition
| control carried out by authorized agents, such as police officers , physicians, school administrators, employers, military officers, and managers of movie theatres |
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Term
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Definition
| control that people through a process of persuasion |
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