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Prokaryote comes from the Greek word for __________. |
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Eukaryote comes from the greek word for ___________ |
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Characteristics of Prokaryote |
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Characteristics of Eukaryote |
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| wHAT ARE THE BASIC SHAPES OF BACTERIA? |
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cocci rod spiral short rod corkscrew |
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Unusual bacterial shape that is star-shape |
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Unusual shape that is square |
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Ouside cell wall usually sticky a capsule is neatly organized a slime layer is unorganized + loose xtracellular polysaccharide allows cell to attach capsules prevent phagocytosis
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| What is flagella made out of ? |
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| What is the purpose of the hook on the flagella? |
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| Rotate flagella to run or tumble. They either move toward or away from stimuli |
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Flagella proteins are _________ |
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An endoflagella(built within the cell) that anchors at one end of cell rotating cell to move |
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It is not a flagella or cilia but it is used for attachment |
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| Used to transfer DNA from one cell to another |
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Prevents osmotic lysis made of peptidoglycan
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| A long chain of something |
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thick peptidoglycan teichoic acids in acid-fast cells, contain mycolic acid |
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Thin peptidoglycan no techoic acids outer membrane |
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| What may regulate movement of cations? |
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| Which gram cell are harder to kill? |
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| what forms channels through membrane |
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| A wall less gram positive cell |
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| wall less cells that swell into irregular shapes |
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| What 2 cells are susceptible to osmotic lysis? |
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Membrane is as viscous as olive oil proteins move to function phospholipids rotate and move literally |
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| Allows passage of some molecules in the plasma membrane |
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| What are enzymes used for in the Plasma membrane? |
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| Photosynthetic pigments on foldings |
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| chromatophores or thylakoids |
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| What does damage to the membrane by alcohol, quatenary ammonium ( detergents) , and polymyxin antibiotics do to the membrane? |
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| it causes leakage of cell contents |
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| Movement of a solute from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration |
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| Solute combines with a transporter protein in the membrane |
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| What are transport proteins? |
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| Proteins used to carry substances that are too large through the plasma membrane |
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| The movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of high water concentration to an area of lower water |
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| The pressure needed to stop the movement of water across the membrane |
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| Does particles have the ability of passing through the membrane of a plastic bag? |
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water moves out of cell causing its cytoplasm to Shrink (plasmolysis) |
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| Water moves into the cell and may cause the cell to burst if the wall is weak or damaged (osmotic lysis) |
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| Active transport of substances require 2 things |
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| Group translocation of substance requires 2 things |
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Substance inside the plasma membrane, the liquid part of the plasma membrane |
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| What are the 2 components of a ribosome? |
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1) small unit 30 s 2) large subunit 50 s = Complete 70s ribosome |
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| Stoarge areas inside the cell |
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Resting cells resistant to desiccation, heat, chemicals |
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| Return to vegetative state |
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Why do cells turn into spores? |
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| When conditions aren't great, they turn into spores and lay dormant such as anthrax. |
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What has nine pairs + two arrangements of microtubules and tubulins? |
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| They are almost like steroids |
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Membrane folds inward bringing in fluid and dissolved substances |
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| Pseudopods extend and engulf particles |
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| Fluid portion of cytoplasm |
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microfilaments intermediate filaments microtubules
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| Movement of cytoplasm throughout cells |
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| ER (endoplasmic reticulum) |
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| Membrane formation and secretion |
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| oxidation of fatty acids, destroys H2O2 |
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| Consist of protein fibers and centrioles |
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| Mitotic spindle formation |
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| In chloroplast and mitochondria |
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| where does the electron part chain occur in the cell? |
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| what is the endosymbiotic theory? |
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| the theory that all cells came from a universal ancestor cell |
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