Term
|
Definition
| In the seminiferous tubules |
|
|
Term
| What are the seminiferous tubules? |
|
Definition
| Small, highly coiled tubes packed within the testicles. |
|
|
Term
| When traveling through the male reproductive tract, what is the first "landmark" the spem hit? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the epididymus and what is its function? |
|
Definition
| It is a long coiled duct. Secretions from glandular cells located in the wall of the duct will put the finishing touches on the sperm to make them mature. |
|
|
Term
| When fully mature, where are the sperm stored? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What two functions does the urethra have? |
|
Definition
| ejactulation of sperm and urinary excretion. |
|
|
Term
| As the sperm travel through the urethra they are mixed with glandular secretions making.. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do the paired seminal vesicles put into the semen? |
|
Definition
| fructose, which the sperm uses for energy. |
|
|
Term
| What two things do the paired seminal vesicles secrete? |
|
Definition
| prostaglandins and fructose |
|
|
Term
| what is the pupose of prostaglandins? |
|
Definition
| they create muscle contractions in the male, allowing him to ejactulate, and may also cause contractions in the female, to help the sperm along the reproductive tract. |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of secretions from the prostate glands? |
|
Definition
| They help buffer the acidic conditions of the vagina. |
|
|
Term
| What do the two bulbourethral glands secrete? |
|
Definition
| mucus rich fluid into the urethra when the male is aroused. |
|
|
Term
| Two leading male cancers? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the two male cancers is most deadly? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the two male cancers is most frequent? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do doctors detect prostate cancer? |
|
Definition
| Either by blood test or physical examination |
|
|
Term
| What is present in the blood when someone has prostate cancer? |
|
Definition
| Prostate Specific antigen (PSA) |
|
|
Term
| where are leydig cells located? |
|
Definition
| between lobes in the testes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a steroid hormone essential for the growth, form, and function of the male reproductive tract. |
|
|
Term
| What are testosterones functions? |
|
Definition
| They play a key role in sperm formation, promotes development of male secondary sexual traits, and stimulates sexual behavior and agressiveness. |
|
|
Term
| Where do LH and FSH come from? |
|
Definition
| secretions of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland, |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Follicle stimulating hormone |
|
|
Term
| What is ultimately in control of sperm formation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does the hypothalamus control sperm formation? |
|
Definition
| controls the secretion of LH and FSH and testosterone |
|
|
Term
| What is secreted when testosterone levels in the blood are low? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| calls on the anterior lobe ti step up the release of LH and FSH, which have targets in the testes. |
|
|
Term
| What does the secretion of LH do? |
|
Definition
| Prods Leydig cells to secrete testosterone, which assistes in stimulating the formation and development of sperm. |
|
|
Term
| What effect does the secretion of FSH have? |
|
Definition
| Sertoli cells have receptors for FSH which is required to jumpstart spermatogenesis at puberty. |
|
|
Term
| What does elevated levels of testosterone in the blood do? |
|
Definition
| slows down the release of GnRH |
|
|
Term
| What do Sertoli cells do when sperm count is high? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Protein hormone acts on the hypothalamus and pituitary to cut back on the release of GnRH and FSH. |
|
|
Term
| What are the major female reproduction organs? |
|
Definition
| Ovaries, Oviducts, Uterus, Cervix, Vagina |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| OOcyte production and maturation, sex hormone production |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Ducts for conducting oocyte from ovary to uterus, fertilization normally occurs here |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Chamber in which new individual develops. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| secretion of mucus that enhamces sperm movement into the uterus and reduces embryos risk of bacterial infection. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Organ of sexual intercourse, birth canal. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what kind of cycle do most mammalian species undergo? |
|
Definition
| estrous cycle. Thwy are fertile and in heat only at certain times during the year. |
|
|
Term
| What other animals besides humans have menstral cycles? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Three phases of menstration: |
|
Definition
| follicular, ovulation, luteal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| time of menstration, endometrial breakdown and rebuilding, and oocyte maturation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the corpus luteum forms in the ovary and the endometrium is primed for pregnancy |
|
|
Term
| what are the female sex hormones and what is their function? |
|
Definition
| estrogen and progesterone. Function is to promote the cyclic changes in the endometrium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the primary oocyte and the layer of cells around it |
|
|
Term
| What type of cells surround the primary oocyte and what is their function? |
|
Definition
| granulosa cells. the surround and nourish the primary oocyte. |
|
|
Term
| What causes the follicle to grow? |
|
Definition
| As menstration starts, the hypthalamus secretes GnRH,which then in turn cause the pituitary gland to secrete FSH and LH. The hormone levels in the blood cause the follicle to grow. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| noncellular coating around the oocyte |
|
|
Term
| what is the zona pellucida made of? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What effect do FSH and LH have the the zona pellucida? |
|
Definition
| they stimulate the granulosa cells to secrete more estrogen. (so blood estrogen levels rise). |
|
|
Term
| When does the oocyte complete meiosis one? |
|
Definition
| eight to ten hours before its release from the ovary. |
|
|
Term
| What is the outcome of meiosis one in the female? |
|
Definition
| a primary oocyte and a polar body |
|
|
Term
| What effect does the high level of estrogen have on the body? |
|
Definition
| The pituitary gland responds by secreting large amounts of LH |
|
|
Term
| what effect does the surge of LH have on the female body? |
|
Definition
| causes rapid vascular changes that make the follicle swell. It makes enzymes digest the wall of the follicle, which makes it rupture. LH TRIGGERS OVULATION |
|
|
Term
| Where are estrogen and progesterone secreted from? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What effect does estrogen have on the female reproductive system? |
|
Definition
| Stimulates growth of the endometrium and its glands. they also act on tissues in the cervical canal causing it to secrete a thin, clear mucus. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a glandular structure that forms from granulosa cells left behind in the ruptured follicle. |
|
|
Term
| What causes the corpus luteum to form? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the purpose of progesterone? |
|
Definition
| Prepares the reprocutive tract for the arrival of the blastocyst and will maintain the endometrium duing pregnancy. |
|
|
Term
| How long does the corpus luteum persist? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does the corpus luteum do? |
|
Definition
| While the corpus luteum is in place, the hypothalamus calls for minimal FSH secretion, which stops new follicles from forming. |
|
|
Term
| When would the corpus luteum stick around for more then 12 days? |
|
Definition
| when you get pregnant so you stop ovulating. |
|
|
Term
| How does the corpus luteum eventually go away. |
|
Definition
| It secretes prostaglandins which will cause it to self destruct in the last days of the cycle. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| from the third to the end of the eighth week. |
|
|
Term
| how long does it take for the blastocyst to form? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| from the start of the ninth week until birth |
|
|
Term
| what happens during the fetal period? |
|
Definition
| organs enlarge and become specialized |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fourth months to end of sixth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the blastocyst adheres to the uterine lining, some of its cells send out projections that invade the mothers tissues, and connections start to form that will metabolically support the developing embryo through the months ahead. |
|
|
Term
| what cavity forms between the embryotic disk and form part of the blastocysts surface? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| membrane that will enclose the embryo |
|
|
Term
| purpose of yolk-sac in most animals: |
|
Definition
| it will hold the nutritive yolk |
|
|
Term
| purpose of yolk-sac in humans |
|
Definition
| the site of blood cell formation and will give rise to germ cells |
|
|
Term
| what is the outer extraembryotic membrane? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what will the chorion evetually become? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| purpose of allantois is reptiles, birds, and some mammals? |
|
Definition
| serves in respiration and storing of metabolic wastes |
|
|
Term
| purpose of allantois in humans? |
|
Definition
| blood vessels for the placenta and the urinary bladder form from it. |
|
|
Term
| what do at home pregnancy tests test for? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Human chorionic gonadotropin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| stimulates the corpus luteum to keep on secreting progesterone and estrogen so the mother won't ovulate. |
|
|
