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Definition
| An agent that causes bacteria, viral, or other infections |
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Term
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Definition
| Bacteria-fighting agents like macrophage or leukocytes that fight body infections |
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Definition
| Immunity cells which produce receptors that bind to strange molecules and activates responses in order to defend the body from infection |
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Definition
| Recognizing traits shared by various pathogens using small set of receptors with fast response in all animals |
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Term
| Defense Mechanisms of Innate Immunity |
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Definition
Barrier: Defends with the skin, mucous membrane, and secretions
Internal: Defends with phagocytic cells, natural killing cells, antimicrobial proteins, and inflammatory response |
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Term
| Adaptive (Acquired) Immunity |
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Definition
| Recognizing specific types of phagocytes utilizing multiple specific receptors for vertebrae only, which develops slowly after innate immunity |
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| Defense Mechanisms of Adaptive Immunity |
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Definition
Humoral Response: In body fluid, antibodies fight infection "defend"
Cell-Mediated Response: In body cells, the cytotoxic cells fight infection "defend" |
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Definition
| Enzyme that destroys bacteria cell walls |
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Definition
| A type of hemocyte that eats or ingests bacteria breaking it down |
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Definition
| Phagocytic immune cells that travel throughout the body |
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Definition
| A receptor on the surface of hemocytes |
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Term
| Toli-Like Receptors (TLR) |
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Definition
| Binds to uncommon parts of molecules, usually a trait of pathogens |
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Definition
| Located on the inner surface of vesicles, it is a intracellular receptor that binds to RNA molecule that has qualities of certain infected agents |
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Definition
| Located on immune cell plasma membrane, it is an extracellular receptor that recognizes LPS found on bacteria surfaces |
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Definition
| An extracellular receptor that recognizes flagellin; the star protein of bacteria for flagella |
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Definition
| An intracellular receptor that binds to CpG DNA |
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Definition
| Small phagocytes that are in the blood and are attracted by signals from infected tissue; eats and destroys pathogens |
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Definition
| Large phagocytes that migrate throughout the body but mostly reside permanently in organs and tissues where they usually encounter pathogens and trapping them |
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Definition
| A phagocyte that raises levels of awareness for adaptive immunity to fight pathogens they encounter and engulfing them |
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Definition
| Cells that travel throughout the body with a weird range to detect certain surface proteins; releases chemicals that kill viruses |
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Definition
| Proteins that provide innate defense by interfering with viral infections |
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Definition
| Changes stimulated by molecules released from injury or infection |
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Definition
| Important inflammatory stimulation molecule (sends signals) and stored in mast cells |
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Definition
| Densely packed vesicles in connective tissue |
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Definition
| Signaling molecules released by macrophage and neutrophil |
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Definition
| Lots of white blood cells + dead pathogens + cell debris from damaged tissues |
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Definition
| White blood cell found in the lymphatic system |
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Definition
| Type of lymphocyte that matures only in the bone marrow |
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Definition
| Type of lymphocyte that migrates to the thymus and matures there |
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Definition
| A foreign substance that draws out B Cell or T Cell responses or prompting a response in the immune system |
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Term
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Definition
| Recognizing a bacteria or viral protein when a B or T Cell binds to that protein via their protein (their recognition protein is called...) |
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Term
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Definition
| Small portion of antigen that binds to antigen receptor |
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Term
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Definition
| Secreted protein from the B Cell antigen receptor binding to an antigen (soluble form of the receptor) |
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Term
| MHC Molecule (Major Histocompatibility Complex) |
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Definition
| When the host cell exposes antigen fragment from it's surface (occurs more often in T Cells) |
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Term
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Definition
| Display of antigen in MHC protein; exposure from movement of MHC molecule and the bound antigen fragment up to the cell's surface (for the T cell recognition process only) |
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Term
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Definition
| B and T cells' receptors specific for body's own molecules are destroyed (programmed cell death) |
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Term
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Definition
| Body normally lacks mature lymphocytes that can react against its own parts |
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Term
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Definition
| Clone cells become the types of cells that are short-lived and immediately take effect on antigen and any pathogen producing that antigen |
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Term
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Definition
| Effector cells of B cells that secrete antibodies |
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Term
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Definition
| Rest of clone cells that are long-lived and give rise to effector cell if the same antigen appears again |
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Term
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Definition
| Proliferation of B or T cells into clone cells in response to a specific antigen and immune cell signals |
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Term
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Definition
| Responsible for long term protection against diseases like chicken pox |
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Definition
| Production of effector cells from clone of lymphocytes during the first exposure of an antigen generating memory cells |
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Term
| Secondary Immune Response |
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Definition
| Repeated exposure to the same antigen produces faster response, greater magnitude, and effector cells become more prolonged. |
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Term
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Definition
| Adaptive immunity response from defenses by B and T cells that occurs in body fluids (blood and lymph) which help eliminate toxins and pathogens in body fluids using antibodies |
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Definition
| Adaptive immunity response from defenses by B and T cells that have special T cells destroying infected host cell |
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Definition
| Triggers both humoral and cell-mediated immune response by signaling out to initiate the production of antibodies, neutralizing pathogens, and activating T cells that kill infected cells |
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Definition
| A dendritic cell, macrophage, or B cell that displays antigen on it's surface |
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Definition
| Uses toxic proteins to kill infected cells by pathogens before pathogens mature |
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Term
| AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) |
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Definition
| Impairment in immune system which leaves body open to infections and cancers that a healthy system |
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Term
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Definition
| Exaggerated hypersensitive response to certain antigens called allergens |
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Term
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Definition
| Defenses arise when pathogen infects the body and initiates primary or secondary response |
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Term
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Definition
| Antibodies in the recipitent are produced by another individual |
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Term
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Definition
| Antibodies secreted by B cells that bind to surface protein of pathogens to prevent pathogen from binding to other cells |
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Term
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Definition
| In adaptive immunity for humoral immunity, this type of combat allows antibodies to bind to antigens on surface of bacteria, making the bacteria look more appealing, promoting phagocytosis by macrophage and neutrophils to eat it! |
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