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| -Argued for a stronger role for reason in Christian epistemology.
-His book Yes and No illustrated contradictions in the positions of past authorities.
-One of the best-known university teachers in the twelfth century.
-Doubt --> faith |
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| -Author of The Incoherence of the Philosophers.
-Attacked the rationality of the Greeks and the concept of causality.
-Worked against scientific progress in Islam. |
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One of the greatest Islamic scientists whose "Book of Optics" is one of the most influential classic works on vision.
-He made many original contributions on such topics as depth perception, apparent size, and binocular vision. |
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-A concept that has enjoyed wide usage, especially in premodern times.
-Was used to account for a vital psychological function, namely the operation of higher cognitive functions. |
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-One of the greatest doctors of the church.
-Remembered for his heroic efforts to reconcile faith and reason.
-Remembered for advancing an empirically based system of psychological thought. |
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-Distinguished between delusions and hallucinations and argued that therapy for emotional problems should be pleasant.
-temple spa retreat |
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| One of the great doctors of the church who wrote extensively about a number of psychological topics including memory, grief, speech, and dreams. |
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-An Islamic scholar very influential in Europe because of his commentaries on the works of Aristotle.
-Discovered that patients once infected with smallpox become immune if they survive the initial infection.
-Discovered that the retina is the part of the eye sensitive to light. |
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-An influential philosopher of the Islamic world who attempted to reconcile the tensions between revelation and reason.
-Remembered for his Aristotelian approach to psychological problems. |
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-One of the first to write on the sources of error in human thought.
-His catalog of errors included such things as being a slave to habit, relying too much on authority, giving in to popular prejudices, conceit about one's own knowledge.
-Opus Majas |
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-Attempted to use reason that he learned from Greek thought as a defense of Christianity.
-Some have regarded him as a kind of founder of the intellectual agenda that was to dominate medieval thought. |
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| A roman stoic philosopher, popular in his day, who emphasized the stoic virtues of order, discipline, and resignation in those matters beyond our control. |
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-A philosophy based on the goodness of pleasure and the evil of pain.
-Emphasized moderation and the capacity to forego immediate pleasures for long-term gains. |
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| An important post Aristotelian philosopher who founded a school of thought that focused largely on how to live the good life by maximizing pleasure and minimizing pain. |
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Rome's greatest physician, remembered for his early anatomical theories and his speculation on a host of medical problems including the problems of emotional illness
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-A gifted scholar known primarily for her tragic love affair with Peter Abelard.
-Her letters illustrated a deep philosophy and psychology of the nature of loving relationships. |
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-Neo-Platonic philosopher noted for her expertise in astronomy and geometry.
-Possibly one of the first to recommend music therapy for emotional disorders. |
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| Roman epicurean philosopher who wrote on a variety of psychological topics, often from the vantage point of the atomic theory of Democritus |
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| -Influential Jewish philosopher who attempted to reconcile the conflicting claims of reason and revelation.
-His book Guide for the Perplexed was widely read and highly controversial. |
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| -Roman emperor and stoic philosopher who emphasized the importance of enduring hardships that undoubtedly serve a larger purpose.
-The expression stoic resignation characterizes an important dimension of his thought. |
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-The historical period from approximately 400 to 1300.
-Though it was a period marked by reliance on tradition, revelation, and authority, scholars attempted to find an acceptable role for reason and for observational studies. |
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| Refers to those vital principles responsible for vegetative functions of the body, in Galen's pneuma concept of the soul. |
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| A school of philosophy founded in the third century that combined selec ted features of platonic philosophy with Jewish and Christian mysticism. |
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| The contention that explanations containing fewer assumptions are to be preferred to those containing more assumptions. |
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Founder of neo-Platonic philosophy and author of a six-volume series entitled Enneads.
His works are a rich source psychological thought on such topics as perceptio, sensation, memory, and thinking. |
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| Refers to the air we draw in as we breathe, but also refers to those vital principles that make life possible. |
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-Founder of a systematic philosophy of skepticism.
-Emphasized the importance of finding means to live a calm and untroubled existence. |
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-Physician and author of medical texts.
-Argued against demonology, superstitous religious beliefs, and the arfitrary use of authority in science.
-He advocated a rational and empirical approach to the problems of medicine and psychology. |
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| Roman physician and skeptic who criticized dogmatic certainty and argued for the virtues associated with an attitude of suspended judgement. |
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-One of the major systematic approaches to philosophy following the death of Aristotle.
-Largely focused on the problems of epistemology and the good life. |
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| A major post-Aristotelian philosophy emphasizing discipline and suppression of desire as means to the greatest happiness and virtue. |
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| Refers to activities located in the heart that regulate or control body heat, which is in Galen's pneuma concept of the soul. |
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-An early Christian scholar remembered for his attacks on child sacrifice, the persecution of Christians, and the Brutality of the Roman Games.
-Remembered for his attacks on Greek philosophy and his emphasis on faith as opposed to reason.
-faith > reason |
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| An early philosopher friendly to empirical methods and strongly influenced by Thomas Aquinas. |
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| Founder of the post-Aristotelian school of stoicism, which emphasized self-control, austerity, and suppression as guides to virtue and happiness. |
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