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Chapter 4
Science Chapter 4
21
Science
7th Grade
06/14/2010

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Term
trait
Definition
different forms of a characteristic
Term
genetics
Definition
scientific study of heredity
Term
heredity
Definition
passing of physical characteristic from parent to offspring
Term
genes
Definition
factors that control a trait
Term
dominant allele
Definition
one who’s trait always shows up in an organism when the allele is present
Term
recessive allele
Definition
hidden whenever dominant allele is present
Term
phenotype
Definition
organism's physical appearance
Term
genotype
Definition
organism's genetic makeup
Term
chromosome theory
Definition
genes are carried from parent to offspring on chromosomes
Term
allele
Definition
different forms of a gene
Term
probability
Definition
number that describes how likely an event will occur
Term
homozygous
Definition
has 2 identical alleles for a trait
Term
heterozygous
Definition
has 2 different alleles for a trait
Term
meiosis
Definition
process by which number of chromosomes is reduced by half to form reproductive cells
Term
fertilization
Definition
the process in which an egg cell and a sperm cell join to form a new organism.
Term
purebred
Definition
the offspring of many generations that have the same trait
Term
hybrid
Definition
An organism that has two different alleles for a trait
Term
Punnett square
Definition
a chart that shows all the possible combinations of alleles that can result from a genetic cross
Term
codominance
Definition
A condition in which neither of two alleles of a gene is dominant or recessive.
Term
messenger RNA
Definition
RNA that copies the coded message from DNA in the nucleus and carries the message into the cytoplasm.
Term
transfer RNA
Definition
RNA in the cytoplasm that carries an amino acid to the ribosome and adds it to the growing protein chain.
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