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Chapter 4
Chemistry
16
Science
10th Grade
10/03/2007

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Term
atom
Definition
The smallest particle of an element that retains the properties of that element
Term
Nucleus
Definition
center, contains both protons and neutrons, has an overall positive charge, high density
Term
Protons
Definition
positively charged, found in the nucleus
Term
Electrons
Definition
negatively charged, found outside the nucleus in energy levels
Term
Neutrons
Definition
no charge, found in the nucleus
Term
Atomic Number
Definition
A number that is equal to the number of protons in the nucleus; also equal to the number of electrons in the shells
Term
Mass Number
Definition
The total number of protons plus neutrons in the nucleus
Term
How do you determine the number of neutrons in an atom?
Definition
subtract the atomic number from the mass number
Term
Isotopes
Definition
Atoms that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons
Term
Most elements occur as ____ or more isotopes in nature.
Definition
2
Term
Atomic mass unit (amu)
Definition
one- twelfth the mass of a carbon -12 atom. A carbon 12 atom has 6 protons and 6 neutrons in its nucleus. Therefore, the mass of a single proton or a single neutron is about 1 amu.
Term
atomic mass
Definition
is a weighted average mass of all the atoms in a naturally occurring sample and reflects both the mass and relative abundance of the isotopes of that element as they occur in nature.
Term
formula for atomic mass
Definition
mass of each isotope X abundance of that isotope expressed as a decimal then add the products of all isotopes of that element
Term
Periodic table is arranged according to ______and ________.
Definition
similarities in their properties and atomic numbers
Term
Rows or periods
Definition
horizontal - increasing atomic numbers
Term
Columns or groups
Definition
organized by a # and letter combination; example such as IA, IIA
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