Term
|
Definition
| infections acquired in the hospital |
|
|
Term
| factors that encourage nosocomial infections |
|
Definition
| environment (contaminated air), therapeutic regimen (immunosuppresants), equipment (any type of tube that has not been properly sterilized), procedural contaminations (i.e. changing sheets) |
|
|
Term
| factors that increase the potential for nosocomial infection |
|
Definition
| age, heredity, nutritional status, stress, inadequate rest and exercise, personal habits, health history |
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|
Term
| four major groups of microorganisms |
|
Definition
1. bacteria
2. fungi
3. viruses
4. parasites |
|
|
Term
| what is a microorganism called if it is know to produce a disease |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What must you do to bacteria to see it under a microscope? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the diseases caused by bacteria |
|
Definition
| TB, streptococcal infections, staphylococcal infections, salmonella, lyme disease, gonorrhea, syphilis, and tetanus |
|
|
Term
| What type of environment do fungi require? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| disease caused by yeast infection |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| parasites that produce diseases |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| diseases caused by protozoa mostly affect what systems |
|
Definition
| the GI tract, genitourinal tract, and circulatory system (i.e. malaria) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. flatworms
2. roundworms |
|
|
Term
| what are the most common diseases caused by helminths |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what must viruses do in order to survive and reproduce |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the most common viral diseases |
|
Definition
| flu, cold, mumps, measles, HIV, and hep A,B,C,D, and E |
|
|
Term
| how infections are transmitted |
|
Definition
1. an infectious agent must be present
2. reservoir for agent to live and multiply
3. a way to exit reservoir (orifice/open wound)
4. means for transmission (i.e. air/drop)
5. portal for entry into new host |
|
|
Term
| what 2 things can render a persons immune system to infection |
|
Definition
| previous infection or vaccination against a particular disease |
|
|
Term
| HIV patients have the right to: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If you are exposed to HIV you must: |
|
Definition
| report the incident to your superior immediately and follow policies of institute and state |
|
|
Term
| how are hep A and E transmitted |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how are hep B-D transmitted? |
|
Definition
| blood or body fluid contact |
|
|
Term
| what are the symptoms of hepatitis? |
|
Definition
| flu-like, fever, muscle aches, and fatigue |
|
|
Term
| what are the symptoms of hepatitis? |
|
Definition
| flu-like, fever, muscle aches, and fatigue, followed by jaundiced and eventually liver enlargement due to cell death |
|
|
Term
| How to prevent HVA and HVB |
|
Definition
| vaccinations and hand hygiene |
|
|
Term
| How to prevent HVA and HVB |
|
Definition
| vaccinations and hand hygiene |
|
|
Term
| Tuberculosis most commonly affects what part of the body? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the early symptoms of TB? |
|
Definition
| fatigue, loss of appetite, weight loss, and fever (bloody, shallow cough develops later) |
|
|
Term
| What are the symptoms of advanced TB? |
|
Definition
| wheezes, rales, tracheal deviation, and pleuritic chest pain. |
|
|
Term
| Preventing TB in health care workers |
|
Definition
| yearly testing called a PPD. If you get a positive reaction then you have to get a chest x-ray |
|
|
Term
| types of nosocomial infections |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sets requirements for hospital safety, infection control, and patient safety |
|
|
Term
| Occupational safety and health administration |
|
Definition
| protects workers and students from work related problems |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| use of soap, water, friction, and chemicals to eliminate microorganisms |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| chemically destroying microorganisms completely |
|
|
Term
| how are microbes most commonly spread from one person to another |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what assumption should you make about every patient |
|
Definition
| that they have an infectious disease |
|
|
Term
| what are the three routes of disease transmission |
|
Definition
| airborne, droplet, and contact |
|
|
Term
| which diseases can be spread by airborne route |
|
Definition
| SARS, smallpox, TB, vericella, and rubeola |
|
|
Term
| what are the precautions for airborne isolation? |
|
Definition
| private room, negative air-pressure vents, N95 masks for workers, surgical masks for everyone else |
|
|
Term
| what diseases are spread through the droplet route? |
|
Definition
| influenza, rubella, mumps, pertusis, pneumonias, diptheria, pharyngitis, scarlet fever, menengitis |
|
|
Term
| precautions taken for droplet isolation |
|
Definition
| private room, mask within 3 feet proximity |
|
|
Term
| what are the 2 types of contact isolation? |
|
Definition
| direct (person to person) and indirect (person to object to person) |
|
|
Term
| diseases transmitted by contact routes |
|
Definition
| hep A, scabies, MRSA, VRE, VRSA, ESBL |
|
|
Term
| precautions taken for contact isolation |
|
Definition
| private room, gloves, and gowns |
|
|
Term
| patients that need special precautions |
|
Definition
| neutropenia, pronounced immune compromise, and transplant recipients |
|
|
Term
| precautions taken for highly susceptible patients |
|
Definition
| wash hands, wear gown, gloves, and face mask |
|
|
Term
| before entering an isolation room you must: |
|
Definition
| put on mask, put on gown, put gloves on over gown, enter room and introduce yourself, place IR, put on new gloves, make exposure |
|
|
Term
| how long must you wash your hands before entering the NICU? |
|
Definition
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