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| the study of how we form impressions of and make inferences about other people |
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| the way in which people communicate, intentional or unintentionally, without words; nonverbal cues include facial expressions, tone of voice, gestures, body position, and movement, the use of touch, and eye gaze |
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| affect our empathy in facial expressions, cause us to mirror others expressions |
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| to express or emit nonverbal behaviour such as smiling or patting someone on the back |
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| to interpret the meaning of the nonverbal behaviour other people express, such as deciding that pat on the back was an expression of condescension and not kindness |
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| what are the six basic emotions that are supposed to be recognizable throughout cultures? |
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| anger, fear, disgust, sadness, surprise, and happiness |
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| a facial expression in which one part of the face is registering one emotion and another a different emotion |
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| culturally determined rules about which non-verbal behaviours are appropriate to display (Japanese women covering their smiles with their hands) |
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| nonverbal gestures that have well-understood definitions within a given culture; they usually have direct verbal translations (the finger) |
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| the theory that sex differences in social behaviour derive from society's division of labour between the sexes;this divison leads to differences in gender-role expectations and sex-typed skills, both of which are responsible for differences in men and women's social behaviour |
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| implicit personality theory |
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| a type of schema people use to group various kinds of personality traits together; ex. many people believe that if someone is kind he or she is generous as well |
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| a description of the way in which people explain the causes of their own and other peoples behaviours |
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| the inference that a person is behaving in a certain way because of something about him, such as his attitude, character, or personality |
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| the inference that a person is behaving a certain way because of the situation they are in; the assumption is that most people would respond in the same way |
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| Fritz Heider observed what about internal/external attributions? |
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| we tend to use internal more than external attributions when explaining someones behaviour |
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| a theory stating that in order to form the attribution about what caused a person's behaviour we systematically note the pattern between the presence (or absence) of possible causal factors and whether or not he behaviour occurs |
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| information about the extent to which other people behave the same way as the actor does towards the same stimulus |
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| distinctiveness information |
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| info about the extent to which one particular actor behaves in the same way to different stimuli |
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| info about the extent to which the behaviour between one actor and one stimulus is the same across time and circumstances |
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| the tendency to infer that people's behaviours correspond to their disposition (personality) |
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| fundamental attribution error |
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| the tendency to overestimate the extent to which people's behaviour is attributable to internal, dispositional factors, and to underestimate the role of the situational factors |
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| information that is the focus of peoples attention; people tent to overestimate the casual role of perceptually salient information (visual point of view, what we see for ourselves) |
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| two-step process of attribution |
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Definition
| analyzing another persons behaviour first by making automatic inter attribution and only thinking about possible situtional resasons for behaviour after which one may adjust original internal attribution (immediately assuming its them not the situation) |
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| actor/observer difference |
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| the tendency to see other peoples behaviours as dispositionally caused, while focusing more on the role of situation factors when explaining ones one behaviour |
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| self-serving attributions |
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| explanations for ones success that credit internal, dispositional factors, and explanations for ones failures that blame external, situational factors |
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| explanations for behaviour that avoid feelings of vulnerability and morality |
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| a form of defensive attribution wherein people think that good things are more likely to happen to them and bad to other people |
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| a form of defensive attribution wherein people assume that bad things happen to bad people and good to good people |
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