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| The tendency for people to overestimate the extent to which others share their opinions, attributes, and behaviors |
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| A general term for the processes by which people come to understand one another |
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| the process by which people attribute humanlike mental states to various animate and inanimate objects, including other people |
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| Behavior that reveals a person's feelings without words, through facial expressions, body language, and vocal cues |
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| A group of theories that describe how people explain the causes of behavior |
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| Attribution to internal characteristics of an actor, such as ability, personality, mood, or effort |
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| Attribution to factors external to an actor, such as the task, other people, or luck |
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| A principle of attribution theory that holds that people attribute behavior to factors that are present when a behavior occurs and are absent when it does not |
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| The tendency to estimate the likelihood that an event will occur by how easily instances of it come to mind |
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| The finding that people are relatively insensitive to consensus information presented in the form of numerical base rates |
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| The tendency to imagine alternative events or outcomes that might have occurred but did not |
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| Fundamental attribution error |
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Definition
| The tendency to focus on the role of personal causes and underestimate the impact of situations on other people's behavior |
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| The belief that individuals get what they deserve in life, an orientation that leads people to disarage victims |
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| The process of integrating information about a person to form a coherent impression |
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| Information integration theory |
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Definition
| The theory that impressions are based on (1) perceiver dispositions; and (2) a weighted average of a target person's traits. |
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| The tendency for recently used or perceived words or ideas to come to mind easily and influence the interpertation |
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| implicit personality theory |
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Definition
| A network of assumptions people make about the relationships among traits and behaviors |
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| Traits that exert a powerful influence on overall impressions |
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| The tenddency for information presented early in a sequence to have more impact on impressions that information presented later |
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| The desire to reduce cognitive uncertainty, which heightens the importance of first impressions |
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| The tendency to seek, interpret, and create information that verifies existing beliefs |
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| The tendency to maintain beliefs even after they have beendiscredited |
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| The process by which one's expectations about a person eventually lead that person to behave in ways that confirm those expectations. |
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