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| receiving, converting, and transmitting information from the outside world to your brain. |
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| selecting, organizing, and interpreting raw sensory data into useful mental representaions of the world |
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| How does brain distinguish between different types of stimuli. |
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-energy stimulates a receptor cell in a sense organ
-receptor sends a signal along sensory nerves the appropriate area of cerebral cortex |
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| specialized cell that responds to a particular type of energy |
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| minimum intensity of physical energy required to produce any sensation at all |
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| adjustment of senses to level of stimulation they are receiving |
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| aka just noticeable difference-smallest amount of change in a stimulus that can be detected 50% of the time |
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| the lining of the eye that contains receptor cells that are sensitive to light |
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| night vision and perception of brightness |
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| area of retina that is center of visual field |
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| rods and cones become more sensitive to light in response to lowered levels of illumination (cones take about 10 min rods about 30 min) |
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| rods and cones become less sensitive to light in response to increased levels of illumination (takes both about a min) |
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| psychological experience created by brain in response to changes in air pressure that are received by the auditory system |
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| changes in pressure caused when molecules of air or fluid collide with one another and then move apart again |
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| number of waves/second that determines pitch |
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| auditory experience corresponding primarily to frequency |
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| magnitude of a wave; primary determinant of loudness |
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| unit of measuring loudness |
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| mixture of sound waves; helps with differential sound recognition |
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| visible part on your head; gathers and delivers sound to middle ear |
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| amplifies and concentrates sounds |
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-middle ear deafness
-more common |
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inner ear deafness
mostly something youre born with |
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-chemical sense
-of all our senses, smell is the most primitive and evocative
-closely related ot memory
-we like/dislike odors, but rarely perceive them as neutral
-evolutionary basis
-we can detect just over 10000 smells |
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| mucus membrane containing smell receptors |
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aka gustation.
-humans are omnivores
-to understand taste, we must first distinguish it from flavor |
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| tannins: teas and red wines |
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| monosodium glutamate: protein |
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muscle movement, posture, and strain on muscles and joints.
info about speed/direction of movement |
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equilibrium and body position in space.
are you standing? sitting? |
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-touch may be most comforting sense.
-skin displacement of as little as .00004 inch can result ina sensation of pressure.
-various parts of body differ greatly in sensitivity to pressure.
-Sensory adaptation-getting in a hot bath then getting used to it |
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-have to interpret raw data
-perceptual organization |
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| entity that stands apart from background |
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| background against which a figure appears |
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| tendency to perceive objects as relatively stable/unchanging despite changing sensory information |
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| perception of object as same size regardless of distance from which it is viewed *depends partly on experience* |
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| see an object as the same shape no matter what angle it is viewed from |
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| perceive familiar objects as retaining their color despite changes in sensory information *doesnt work as well for unfamiliar objects* |
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visual cues requiring the use of one eye
1.aerial perspective
2.texture gradient
3.linear perspective |
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| distant objects have a hazy appearance and a somewhat blurred outline |
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| close object seems to have a rough or detailed texture |
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| two parallel lines that extend into distance appear to come together at some point on horizon |
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| visual cues requiring both eyes |
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| combination of 2 retinal images to give a 3d experience |
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| difference between images cast on 2 retinas when both eyes are focused on same object |
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| muscles controlling eye movement as eyes turn inward to view a nearby stimulus |
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certain events occur outside our conscious awareness
-subliminal movie ads *didnt work* |
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| Extrasensory perception, or ESP |
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| response to an unknown event not presented to any known sense |
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| awareness of an unknown object or event |
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| knowledge of someone else's thought or feelings |
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