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| Bacteria used as insecticide |
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Definition
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| Bacteria used in warfare causing 1. anthrax and 2. food poisening |
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Definition
| Bacillus anthracis and Clostridium botulinum |
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| 5 features of prokaryotes |
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Definition
1. one circular chromosome
2. no histones
3. no organelles
4. peptidoglycan cell walls
5. binary fission |
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| 2 examples of pleomorphic bacteria |
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Definition
1. Rhizobium
2. Corynebacterium |
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Term
| adavtages of having small size (3) |
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Definition
1. accumulate nutrients quickly
2. metabolize quickly
3. grow quickly |
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| What is glycocalyx made of? |
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Definition
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Term
| 2 functions of glycocalyx |
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Definition
1. source of food under adverse conditions
2. absorbs water, prevents dehydration |
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| biofilm is associated with this type of glycocalyx |
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Definition
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Term
| why does a capsule increase pathogencity of bactuera? |
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Definition
| white blood cells cannot grab them, prevents phagocytosis |
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Definition
| rigidity, shape, prevents osmotic lysis |
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Term
| Tetrapeptide side chaings hang from... |
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Definition
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Term
| Peptide cross bridges do what |
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Definition
link layers of PG together
maintain integrety of cell wall |
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Term
| # layers of PG in Gram + cell wall |
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Definition
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Term
| Teichoic acids roles and composition |
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Definition
present in gram +
regulate movement of cations
alcohol/glycerol and phosphate
provide antigenic variation |
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Definition
| ability of distinguish between bacterial cells |
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Definition
thin layer of PG
no teichoic acids
outer membrane |
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Term
| composition of outer membrane in gram neg |
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Definition
LPS (lipopolysarcharide)
-made of Lipid A and O polysaccharide |
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Definition
endotoxin
antigen, used for distinguishing bacteria |
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Term
| example of a bacteria whose antigen identifies it |
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Definition
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Definition
| kills PG in gram + bacteria, specifically by breaking peptide cross bridges |
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Term
| acid fast cell wall composition |
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Definition
| waxy lipid (mycolic acid) bound to peptidoglycan |
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Term
| 2 examples of acid fast cell wall bacteria |
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Definition
1. Mycobacterium - causes TB
2. Nocardia |
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Term
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Definition
-lack cell walls
-there are sterols in plasma membrane help protect from lysis
-smallest of all bacteria, most contaminating in labs |
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Term
| archea cell wall composition |
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Definition
pseudomurein or pseudoPG
lacks NAM and D-amino acids |
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Term
| Plasma membrane composition |
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Definition
| phopholipid bilayer and proteins |
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Definition
| lipids and proteins are free to move around, about as viscous as olive oil |
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Term
| functions of plasma membrane |
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Definition
-selective permiability
-enzymes for ATP production (lack mitochondria)
-photosynthetic pigments |
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Term
| damage to plasma membrane caused by |
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Definition
1. alcohol
2. detergent
3. polymyxin antibiotics
casue leakage,death |
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Term
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Definition
| passive transport, usually gaseous molecules |
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Definition
passive, larger molecules ex. glycerol
goes through transporter protein |
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Definition
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Term
| classical active transport |
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Definition
-uses ATP or PMF
-substance not altered across membrane
-uses transporter proteins |
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Term
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Definition
molecular is chemically altered, this prevents it from leaving cell
ex. glucose is phosphorolated |
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Term
| what bacteria does not have flagella? |
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Definition
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Term
| flagellin proteins in the filament are |
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Definition
H proteins, recognized by immune system
ex. E Coli |
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| many flagellum at one end |
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Definition
| entire cell wall has flagella |
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Term
| chemotaxis and phototaxis |
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Definition
| movement towards or away from a chemical or light |
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Term
| what bacteria causes stomach ulcers |
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Definition
Helicobacter pylaorii
strong flagella can swim through mucous |
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Term
| what bacteria causes stomach ulcers? |
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Definition
Helicobacter pylaorii
strong flagella can swim through mucous |
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Term
| mode of movement by bacteria in ocean |
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Definition
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Term
| what type of cells have pili and fimbriae? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
gliding/twitching movement
DNA transfer |
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Term
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Definition
| used to attach to things, eg inside of small intestine |
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Term
| structures found in cytoplasm |
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Definition
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Term
| bacterial chromosome (nucleoid) characteristics (4) |
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Definition
1. no nuclear membrane
2. no histones
3. circular DNA
4. Haploid DNA (only 1 copy of each gene) |
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Term
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Definition
circular, double stranded DNA, extra-chromosomal
autonomis from nucleoid
not required by cell |
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Term
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Definition
can contain genes for:
-antibiotic resistance
-toxic metal resistance
-production of enzymes |
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Term
| somposition of bacterial ribosome |
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Definition
small subunit = 30S
large subunit = 50S
complete ribosome = 70S |
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Term
| human ribosome complete unit |
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Definition
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Term
| antibiotic effect on ribosomes |
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Definition
| antibiotics can be targeted towards bacterial ribosomes without harming human ribosomes |
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Term
| content and use of metachromatic granule |
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Definition
| phosphate, used to make ATP |
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Term
| presence of metachromatic granule indicates what species of bacterium? |
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Definition
| Corynebacterium diphtheriae |
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| when are endospores produced? |
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Definition
| when a bacterium is stressed because of lack of C or N |
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| how long can endospores survive? |
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Definition
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| the process of endospore formation is known as |
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Definition
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| endospores are made of what? |
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Definition
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