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| more twists in a corkscrew shape |
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| pairs of bacteria if they divide and remain attached |
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| clusters of bacteria when they divide in multiple planes |
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| chains of bacteria in one plane |
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| capsule, slime layer, or extracellular polysaccharide |
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| protect cell from phagocytosis, adhere to surfaces, prevent dessication, provide nutrients, and prevent dehydration |
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| long filamentous appendages that consist of a basal body, hook and a long filament. Spin in a prokaryote, move like a whip in a eukaryote |
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| monomers that are pushed up the flagella and added to the tip, to build up the length |
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| flagella all around the surface |
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| a tuft of flagella at one end |
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| help cells adhere to surfaces |
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| involved in twitching motility and DNA transfer |
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| cell extends pili to other cell, retracts it, pulling the cells closer together then forms a bridge between cytoplasms so DNA can move to the other cell |
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| made of peptidoglycan, which is made of NAG, NAM and short chains of amino acids. |
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| Antibiotic that interferes with peptidoglycan synthesis |
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| cell wall consists of many layers of peptidoglycan and also contians teichoic acids |
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| regulate the movement of cations in gram positive cells |
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| lipopolysaccharide-lipoprotein-phospholipid outer membrane surrounding a thin peptidoglycan layer |
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| protiens that permit small molecules to pass through the outer membrane |
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| endotoxin in the lipopolysaccharide component of the outer layer |
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| the crystal violet-iodine complex combines with peptidoglycan. then decolorizer removes the lipid outer membrane from g-neg cells and washes out the crystal violet. The counter stain safranin, stains the gram-neg cells |
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| bacterial genus that naturally lacks cell walls |
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| in the cell wall of archea, in place of peptidoglycan |
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| when water leaves a cell and the cytoplasm shrinks |
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| water concentration is greater inside the cell |
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| water concentration is greater outside the cell |
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| inclusion with inorganic phosphate for ATP |
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| inclusion with glycogen or starch |
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| inclusion that stored sulfur for energy |
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| inclusion that stores ribulose1,5-diphosphate carboxylase for photosynthesis |
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| inclusion with orient bacteria that line up with earth's magnetic field |
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| inclusions filled with air to keep the cell bouyant |
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| found in the cytoplasms or attached to the RER of eukaryotic cells |
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| found in chloroplasts and mitochondria, also in the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells |
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