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Definition
| Vertical division of the body into right and left portions |
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| Vertical division of the body into front (anterior) and back (posterior) portions |
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| horixontal division of the boy inot upper and lower portions |
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| From front to back; such as in the direction of an x-ray beam |
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| from back to front; such as in the direction of an x-ray beam |
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| situated above another structure, toward the head |
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| situated below another structure, away from the head |
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| toward the beginning or orgin of a structure; e.g. the proxmial aspect of the femur (thigh bone) is the area closest to where it attaches to the hip |
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| away from the beginning of the structure; e.g. the distal aspect of the femur is the area at the end of the bone near the knee |
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| toward the middle (midline) |
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| line that runs through the center of the body or body part |
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| lying down, especially in a bed; i.e. later decubitus is lying on the side (decumbo = to lie down) |
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| horizontal recumbent; lying flat on the back |
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| bending at the joint so that the angle between the bones is decreased |
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| straightening at the joint so that the angle between the bones is increased |
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| movement away from the body |
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| circular movement around an axis |
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| turning outward i.e. a foot |
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| turning inward, i.e. a foot |
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| turning upward or forward of the palmar surface (palm of the hand) or plantar surface (sole of the foot) |
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| turning downward or backward of the palmar surface (palm of the hand) or plantar surface (sole of the foot) |
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| bending of the foot or the toes upward |
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| bending of the sole of the foot by curling the toes toward the ground |
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| total motion possible in a joint, described by the terms related to body movements, i.e. ability to flex, extend, abduct, or adduct; mesaurement in degrees |
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| instrument used to measure joint angles |
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| grating sound sometimes made by movement of a joint or proken bones |
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| a projection arising from a bone that develops from cartilage |
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| flabby, relaxed or having defective or absent muscle tone |
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| increase in the size of muscle |
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| drawing in; involuntary contraction of muscle |
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| uncontrolled contractions of skeletal muscles causeing stiff and awkward movements (resembles spasm) |
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| tension; prolonged , continuous muscle contraction |
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| shaking; rhythmic muscular movement |
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| inflammation of the joints characterized by pain, swelling, redness, warmth, and limitation of motion; there are more than 100 different types of arthritis |
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Definition
| most common form of arthritis; esp affecting weight-bearing joints (knee, hip) characterized by the erosion of articular cartilage |
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| degenerative joint disease (DJD) (also osteoarthritis) |
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Definition
| most common form of arthritis; esp affecting weight-bearing joints (knee, hip) characterized by the erosion of articular cartilage |
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Definition
| most crippling form of arthritis, charcaterized by chronic systemic inflammation most often affecting joints and synovial membranes, (especially in the hands and feet) causing ankylosis and deformity. |
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| broken bone with no open wound |
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| compound fracture; broken bone with an open wound |
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| a nondisplaced fracture with one fracture line that does not require extensive treatment to repair (e.g. hairline fractureFx, stress Fx, or a crack |
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| a displaced fracture that requires manipulation or surgery to repair |
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| the line of the break in a broken bone (e.g. oblique, spiral, or transverse) |
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| broken into many little pieces |
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| bending and incomplete break of a bone - most often seen in children |
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| protrusion of a degenerated or fragmented intervertebral disk so that the nucleus pulposus protrudes causing compression on the nerve root |
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| a category of genetically transmitted diseases characterized by progressive atrophy of skeletal muscles (Duchenne's is the most common) |
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| type of malignant bone tumor |
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| disease marked by softening of the bone caused by calcium and vitamin D deficiency |
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| infection of bone and bone marrow causing inflammation |
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| condition of decreased bone density and increased prorsity, causing bones to become brittle nad to more easily fracture |
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| spinal curvatures - kyphosis |
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Definition
| abnormal posterior curvature of the thoracic spine (humped back condition) |
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| spinal curvatures - lordosis |
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Definition
| abnormal anterior curvature of the lumbar spine (sway-back condition) |
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| spinal curvatures - scoliosis |
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Definition
| abnormal lateral curvature (S-shaped curve) |
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Definition
| injury to a ligament caused by joine trauma but without joint dislocation or fracture |
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| magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) |
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Definition
| a nonionizing (no x-ray) imaging technique using magnetic fields and radio frequency waves to visualize anatomic structure; used in detecting joine, tendon, and vertebral disc disorders |
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| a nuclear scan of bone tissue to detect a tumor, malignancy, etc. |
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| an imaging modality using x-rays (ionizing radiation) to diagnose condition or impairment somewhere in the body (e.g. extremeties, ribs, back, shoulders, joint) |
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| a radiologic procedure using a machine called a scanner to take a series of cross-sectional x-ray images in a full circle rotation; a compueter then calculates the rates of absorption and density of the radiographs to create the image |
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Definition
| use of high frequency sound waves (ultrasound) to make an image of tissues or structures (e.g. muscles, ligaments, displacements or dislocations, and arthroscopic visualizations) |
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| partial or complete removal of a limb; AKA above-knee amputation; BKA, below knee amputation |
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Definition
| repair or reconstruction of a joint |
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Definition
| procedure using an arthroscope to examine, diagnose, and repair a joint from within |
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Term
| open reduction, internal fixation (ORIF) |
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Definition
| internal surgial repair of a fracture by bringing bones back to alignment and fixing them into place with devices such as plates, screws, and pins |
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Term
| closed reduction, external fixation of a fracture |
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Definition
| external manipulation of a fracture to regain alignment along with application of an external device to protect and hold the bone in place while healing |
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Definition
| use of a stiff, solid dressing around a limb or other body part to immobilize it during healing |
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Definition
| use of a rigid device to immobilize or restrian a broken bone or injured body part |
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Definition
| application of a pulling force to a fractured bone or dislocated joint to maintain proper position for healing |
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Definition
| treatment to rehabilitate patients disabled by illness or injury, involving many different modalities (methods) such as exercise, hydrotherapy, diathermy, and ultrasound |
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Term
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Definition
| an artifical replacement for a missing body part or a device used to improve a body function such as an artificial limb, hip, or joint |
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Definition
| a drug that relieves pain |
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Definition
| a potent analgesic with addictive properties |
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Definition
| a drug that reduces inflammation |
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Definition
| a drug that reduces fever |
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Definition
| a drug that reduces fever |
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Term
| nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) |
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Definition
| a group of drugs with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties (e.g. ibuprofen, asprin) commonly used to treat arthritis |
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