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Chapter 40
Antiviral drugs
12
Nursing
Undergraduate 4
02/08/2012

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Term
Acyclovir Indications
Definition
Antiherpesvirus. HSV-1 and HSV-2 infection, including genital herpes, mucocutaneous herpes, herpes encephalitis, herpes zoster; higher dose for acute, lower dose for viral supression.
Term
Acyclovir adverse effects
Definition
n/v,diarrhea, headache, transient burning when topically applied
Term
Acyclovir MOA
Definition
Is a synthetic nucleoside analogue that is used to suppress the replication of HSV-1, HSV-2 and VZV.
Oral, topical, and injectable.
Term
Drug interactions with Acyclovir:
Definition
Interferon- additive antiviral effects; probenecid- increased levels of acyclovir due to renal clearance; zidovudine- increased risk for neurotoxcity
Term
Ganciclovir Indications
Definition
Indicated for the treatment of infections caused by CMV. May also be used as a protophylaxis to prevent CMV disease in high risk patients, such as those receiving organ transplants.
Term
Ganciclovir adverse reactions
Definition
Bone marrow toxicity, n/v, anorexia,headache, seizures
Term
Ganciclovir MOA
Definition
Is a synthetic nucleoside analogue of guansosine. Commonly given IV or orally. Also available in opthalmic form to treat CMV retinitis.
Term
Ganciclovir interactions:
Definition
foscarnet- additive or synergistic effect against CMV and HSV-2; imimpenem- increased risk for seizure; zidovudine- increased risk for hematologic toxicity (bone marrow suppression)
Term
Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)
Definition
Refers to combination of antiretroviral drugs "cocktails" that are now standard for treating HIV infected patients. Started immediately upon confirmation of HIV infection.
Term
Indinavir
Definition
protease inhibitor class of antiretroviral drugs.
Best dissolved and absorbed in an acidic gastric environment. Presence of high-protein/high-fat foods reduces absorption. (Fasting state) Produces increases in CD4 cell count and significant reductions in viral load. Patients are encouraged to drink 48 oz of liquids every day to maintain hydration and avoid nephrolithiasis. Oral use only.
Term
Nevirapine
Definition
NNRTI (non nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor). Well tolerated compared with other therapies for HIV. AE- rash, fever, nausea, HA, and abnormal LFT's. Oral use only.
Term
Zidovudine
Definition
Also known as AZT. Synthetic nucleoside analogue of thymidine. First anti-HIV medication. Given to infected mothers and even to newborns to prevent maternal transmission to the baby. AE- (dose limiting) bone marrow suppression. Both oral and injectable formulations.
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