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Chapter 4 vocabulary
Prentic Hall Book elements and the periodic table
37
Science
8th Grade
02/26/2011

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Term
atom
Definition
the smallest particle element
Term
electrons
Definition
a negatively charged particles in an atom
Term
nucleus
Definition
the central core of the atom
Term
protons
Definition
positively charged particles in an atom's nucleus
Term
energy level
Definition
the specific energy an electron has
Term
neutron
Definition
a small particle in the nucleus of the atom with no electrical charge
Term
atomic number
Definition
the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
Term
isotopes
Definition
atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons in the nucleus
Term
mass number
Definition
the sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom
Term
atomic mass
Definition
the average mass of all the isotopes of an element
Term
periodic table
Definition
an arrangement of elements showing the repeating pattern of their properties
Term
period
Definition
horizontal rows by which the periodic table is organized
Term
groups
Definition
elements in the same vertical column of the periodic table also called a family
Term
chemical symbol
Definition
is a representation of an element usually consisting of one or two letters
Term
metals
Definition
elements that are good conductors of electric current and heat
Term
malleable
Definition
a term used to describe material that can be pounded into shapes
Term
ductile
Definition
material is one that can be pulled our or drawn inot a long wire
Term
thermal conductivity
Definition
the ability of an object to transfer heat
Term
electrical conductivity
Definition
the ability of an object to transfer electric current
Term
reactivity
Definition
the ease and spead with which a substance reacts with other substances
Term
corrosion
Definition
the gradual wearing away of a metal due to a chemical reaction
Term
alkali metal
Definition
an element in Group 1 of the periodic table
Term
alkaline earth metals
Definition
elements of Group 2 of the periodic table
Term
transition metals
Definition
elements in Group 3 through 12
Term
particle accelerators
Definition
a mchine that moves atomic nuclei faster and faster until they have reached very high speeds until they crash into one another sometimes forming heavier elements
Term
nonmetal
Definition
an element that lacks most of the properties of a metal
Term
diatomic molecule
Definition
a molecule that consists of two atoms
Term
halogens
Definition
elements in Group 17 of the periodic table
Term
inert gases
Definition
the elements in Group 18 of the periodic table
Term
semimetals
Definition
have some properties of metals but also have a properties that are typical of nonmetals
Term
semiconductors
Definition
substances that can only conduct electric current under some conditions
Term
radioactive decay
Definition
the process of when the atomic nuclei of unstable isotopes release fast moving particles and energy
Term
radioactivity
Definition
the property of being able to spontaneously emit radiation
Term
alpha particle
Definition
consists of protons and two neutrons and is positively charged
Term
beta particle
Definition
a fast moving electron given off a nucleus during radioactice decat
Term
gamma radiation
Definition
a type of nuclear radiation made up high energy waves
Term
tracers
Definition
radioactive isotopes that can be followed through the steps of a chemical reaction or an industrial process
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