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Chapter 4 Vocabulary
Chapter 4 Vocabulary
33
Biology
9th Grade
10/25/2010

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Term
Cell
Definition
smallest unit that can carry out life processes
Term
cell theory
Definition

1.all living things are made of cells

2. cells are the basic unit in organisms

3. cells only come from other cells

Term
plasma membrane
Definition
acts as a barrier between the inside and outside of the cell
Term
cytoplasm
Definition
region of the cell that is within the plasma membrane and includes flud, cytoskeleton, and all organelles except nucleus
Term
cytosol
Definition
part of cytoplasm that uncludes molecules and small particles
Term
nucleus
Definition
membrane bound organelle containing dna
Term

prokaryotes

 

Definition
organisms that lack a membrane bound organelle and nucleus
Term
eukaryote
Definition
organisms made of cells, nuclues, and membrane bound organelles
Term
organelles
Definition
bodies that perform specific cell functions
Term
tissue
Definition
group of similar cells and thei products that carry out a specific function
Term
organs
Definition
groups of tissues that perform a particular job in an organism
Term
organ system
Definition
group of organs that accomplish related tasks
Term
phospholipid bilayer
Definition
the foundatino of the cell membrane
Term
chromosome
Definition
structures in the nucleus made of dna
Term
nuclear envelope
Definition
double membrane surrounding the nucleus
Term
nucleolus
Definition
site where dna is concentrated
Term
ribosomes
Definition
organelles made of protein and dna
Term
mitochondria
Definition
tiny organelles that transfer energy from organic molecules to atp
Term
endoplasmic reticulmu
Definition
systen of membranous tubes and sacs
Term
golgi apparatus
Definition
system that modifies cellular products and prepares them for export
Term
lysosomes
Definition
vesicles that bud from the golgi apparatus and contain digestive ensymes
Term
cytoskeleton
Definition
network of thin tubes and filaments that crisscross the cytosol
Term
microtubules
Definition
hollow tubes made of protein called tubulin
Term
microfilaments
Definition
long threads of beadlike protein actin
Term
cilia
Definition
short and in long numbers
Term
flagella
Definition
longer and less numerous
Term
centrioles
Definition
organelle composed of two short microtubules at right angles with an active role in mitosis
Term
cell wall
Definition
rigid layer that lies outside the cell's plasma membrane
Term
central vacuole
Definition
large fluid filled organelle that stores water, enzymes, metabolic waste, etc
Term
plastids
Definition
organelles surrounded by double-membrane and contain their own dna
Term
chloroplats
Definition
plastids that use light energy to make carbs from co2 and h2o
Term
thylakoids
Definition
system of flattened membranous sacs
Term
chlorophyll
Definition
green pigmentthat absorbs light and captures light energy for the cell
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