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| The stimulus level at which a sensory signal is detected half the time |
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| property of perceptual object that may have more than one interpretation |
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| a state of focused awareness on a subset of the available perceptual information |
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| A membrane in the cochlea that, when set into motion, stimulates hair cells that produce the neural effects of auditory stimulation |
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| The region of the retina where the optic nerve leaves the back of the eye; no receptors cells are present in this region |
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| The primary organ of hearing; a fluid-filled coiled tube located in the inner ear |
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| One of the photoreceptors concentrated in the center of the retina that are responsible for visual experience under normal viewing conditions for all experiences of color |
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| the degree to which the eyes turn inward to fixate on an object |
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| The smallest physical difference between two stimuli that can still be recognized as a difference; operationally defined as the point at which the stimuli are recognized as different half of the time. |
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| The theory that a tone produces a rate of vibration in the basilar membrane equal to its frequency, with the result that pitch can be coded by the frequency of the neural response |
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| A school of psychology that maintains that psychological phenomena can be understood only when viewed as organized, structured wholes, not when broken down into primitive perceptual elements. |
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| a determinant of why people select some parts of sensory input for further processing; it reflects the choices made as a function of one's own goals |
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| The dimension of color space that captures the qualitative experience of the color of light |
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| just noticeable difference |
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| The smallest difference between two sensations that allows them to be discriminated |
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| The sense concerned with bodily position and movement of the body parts relative to one another |
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| The processes that organize information in the sensory image and interpret it as having been produced by properties of objects or events in the external, three-dimensional world |
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| Chemical signal released by an organism to communicate with other members of the species; pheromones often serve as long-distance sexual attractors |
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| The theory that different frequency tones produce maximum activation at different locations along the basilar membrane, with the result that pitch can be coded by the place at which activation occurs. |
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| The optical image on the retina |
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| The study of the correspondence between physical simulation and psychological experience |
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| The area of the visual field to which a neuron in the visual system responds. |
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| The systematic tendency a result of nonsensory factors for an observer to favor responding in a particular way |
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| The process by which stimulation of a sensory receptor gives rise to neutral impulses that result in an experience, or awareness, of conditions inside or outside the body |
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| A systematic approach to the problem of response bias that allows an experimenter to identify and separate the roles of sensory stimuli and the individual's criterion level in producing the final response. |
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| The auditory processes that allow the spatial origins of the environmental sounds. |
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| The sense that tells how one's own body is oriented in the world with respect to gravity. |
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| An assertion that the size of a difference threshold is proportional to the intensity of the standard stimulus |
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| the ability to perceive the true shape of an object despite variations in the size of the retinal image |
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| a theory about pain modulation that proposes that certain cells in the spinal cord act as gates to interrupt and block some pain signals while sending others to the brain. |
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| Transformation of one form of energy into another; for example, light is transformed into neutral impulses |
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| In the processes of perception, the physical object in the world, as contrasted with the proximal stimulus, the optical image on the retina |
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