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Chapter 4 Science Vocabulary (BJU)
Life Science BJU
65
Science
7th Grade
09/18/2011

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Term
cell membrane
Definition
a thin covering that forms the outer boundary of the cell
Term
selectively permeable
Definition
certain molecules go through them and other molecules do not
Term
passive transport
Definition
the movement of substances through a membrane without the use of the cell's own energy
Term
What are the 2 main forms of passive transport?
Definition
diffusion and osmosis
Term
Diffusion
Definition
the movement of molecules from a place where there are many of them to place where there are few of them ex. perfume molecules leaving a bottle and spreading throughout the air of the room
Term
osmosis
Definition
the diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
Term
active transport
Definition
requires the cell to uses its own energy to move substances through a membrane
Term
The thin covering that all cells have is the ________________.
Definition
cell membrane
Term
Name the membrane model considered to be the most accurate.
Definition
fluid mosaic model
Term
fluid mosaic model
Definition
a model of cell membranes in which the lipid membrane consists of a flexible (fluid) two-layer film where proteins float and move about , making different patterns (mosaics)
Term
What did Leeuwenhoek call the organisms he viewed with his microscope?
Definition
beasties or animalcules
Term
Does osmosis require a cell to expend its own energy?
Definition
No
Term
Which type of transport requires that a cell expend its own energy?
Definition
active transport
Term
Describe the three basic parts of a cell
Definition
the cellular boundaries, the cytoplasm and the genetic material
Term
cell walls
Definition
a rigid structure manufactured by certain organisms and secreted to the exterior of the cell membrane; plants, fungi and bacteria have cell walls
Term
cytoplasm
Definition
a thick fluid that contains many small organelles
Term
organelles
Definition
parts of a cell that perform many of the functions needed to keep the cell alive
Term
List 9 or more cellular organelles
Definition
cell membrane, cell wall, chloroplast, mitochondrion, Golgi apparatus, nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, vacuole, cytoplasm, cilia, lysosomes
Term
mitochondria
Definition
the cellular organelles in which aerobic respiration occurs to release usable energy from food; usually appear as long oval structures made of 2 membranes - the outside looks smooth but the inside is folded into ridges
Term
endoplasmic reticulum
Definition
a cellular organelle consisting of a network of membranes; enables substances to be transported throughout the cell; looks like a maze of passageways formed by a folded membranes passing throughout the cytoplasm
Term
ribosomes
Definition
a cellular organelle that directs the assembling of proteins; look like dots attached to the endoplasmic reticulum
Term
Golgi apparatus
Definition
a cellular organelle that collects chemicals from the cytoplasm, processes them, and secretes them; believed to be connected with the ER
Term
vacuoles
Definition
a membrane-bound sac that contains various substances, including water and wastes, within a cell;
Term
lysosomes
Definition
An organelle that contains digestive enzymes
Term
chloroplasts
Definition
a cellular organelle that contains chlorophyll and other pigments; the organelle in which photosynthesis occurs
Term
cilia
Definition
short hairlike extensions from a cell membrane; aid in movement
Term
flagella
Definition
long hairlike extensions from a cell membrane; aid in movement
Term
nucleus
Definition
the cellular organelle that contains the chromosomes; control center of the cell
Term
chromosomes
Definition
a strand of DNA with associated proteins; usually found in the nucleus of a cell; the basis of heredity
Term
What is the role of the nucleus in a cell?
Definition
It acts as the main office of a factory.
Term
Identify the major parts of a compound light microscope & microscope slide
Definition
arm, base, body tube, coarse adjustment knob, compound light microscope, eyepiece, fine adjustment knob, mirror, objectives, specimen, stage
Term
How do you find the total magnification of a compound light microscope?
Definition
Multiply the magnification powers of the eyepiece and the objective in use. ex. if you use a 40x objective & a 10x eyepiece, the image in your microscope will be magnified 400 times (40x times 10x = 400x)
Term
What organelles are referred to as the "powerhouses" of the cell?
Definition
mitochondria
Term
What is the function of ribosomes?
Definition
receive coded instructions from the nucleus to form proteins
Term
Which organelle collects and processes complex chemicals for the cell?
Definition
Golgi apparatus
Term
What structure contains a cell's genetic information?
Definition
DNA
Term
Name the two types of molecules that compose cellular membranes.
Definition
lipids and proteins
Term
List the two types of passive transport.
Definition
diffusion and osmosis
Term
Does osmosis and diffusion require energy?
Definition
No
Term
Give an example of diffusion other than perfume in the air and sugar in water.
Definition
a helium balloon deflating a little bit each day
Term
What was Leeuwenhoek's contribution to the study of microscopic organisms?
Definition
discovered unicellular bacteria and protozoans in water droplets
Term
How many types of lenses do compound light microscopes have?
Definition
2
Term
In addition to a cell membrane, what other cell boundary might a cell have?
Definition
a cell wall
Term
What is an organelle?
Definition
Parts of a cell that perform many of the functions needed to keep the cell alive
Term
How does an organelles size compare to the size of a cell?
Definition
The organelles fit inside of the cell so they are smaller
Term
What is the function of endoplasmic reticulum?
Definition
It connects the nucleus to the cell membrane. It functions as the cell's delivery system helping substances travel from one part of the cell to another.
Term
Which organelles are filled with enzymes that help destroy and dissolve unneeded cell structures as well as invading foreign matter?
Definition
lysosomes
Term
What is the difference between a prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell?
Definition
E - has a nucleus and P - does not
Term
prokaryote
Definition
a unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles; classified in the kingdoms Archaebacteria and Eubacteria
Term
eukaryotic cell
Definition
a unicellular or multicellular organism whose cell or cells have a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles
Term
What would happen if cell membranes were not selectively permeable?
Definition
Not all membranes are permeable to the same molecules - while water, oxygen and carbon dioxide are small and can easily pass through most membranes - starch and protein molecules are large and pass through only certain membranes
Term
What cellular structures do plant cells have that animal cells do not have?
Definition
cell wall and chloroplasts
Term
Some cells have more mitochondria than others cells. Why is this necessary?
Definition
To temporarily store energy to be rekeased to the cellular structures that need it
Term
In the fluid mosaic model, the basic membrane structure is a double layer of proteins embedded with lipid molecules. (True or False)
Definition
False
Term
Which is the following processes requires the cell to expend energy? A. diffusion B. active transport C. osmosis D. passive transport
Definition
B. active transport
Term
The spread of ammonia odor throughout a room is an example of ______________________.
Definition
diffusion
Term
The spread of ammonia odor thoughout a room is an example of ______________________.
Definition
diffusion
Term
All cells are surrounded by a structure called the cell wall. (True or False)
Definition
False
Term
Calculate the total magnification of a microscope whose objective is 30x and whose eyepiece is 15x.
Definition
30x times 15x = 450x
Term
mitochondrion
Definition
processes energy from food
Term
Golgi apparatus
Definition
processes chemicals in the cytoplasm
Term
ribosome
Definition
assembles proteins
Term
endoplasmic reticulum
Definition
serves as passageways throughout the cytoplasm
Term
lysosome
Definition
contains enzymes
Term
The ______________ is the control center of the cell.
Definition
nucleus
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