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Chapter 4-Pol Culture
Definitions from Chapter 4
16
Political Studies
12th Grade
01/15/2009

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Term
Social Capital
Definition
Democratic and civic habits of discussion, compromise, and respect for differences, which grow out of participation in voluntary organizations
Term
Political Culture
Definition
The widely shared beliefs, values, and norms concerning the relationship of citizens to government and to one another
Term
Natural rights
Definition
The rights of all people to dignity and worth; also called human rights
Term
Democratic Consensus
Definition
Widespread agreement on fundamental principles of democratic governance and the values that undergird them
Term
Majority Rule
Definition
Governance according to the expressed preferences of the majority
Term
Popular Sovereignty
Definition
A belief that ultimate power resides in the people
Term
American Dream
Definition
The widespread belief that the US is a land of opportunity and that individual initiative and hard work can bring economic success
Term
Capitalism
Definition
An economic system characterized by private property, competitive markets, economic incentives, and limited government involvement in the production and pricing of goods and services
Term
Monopoly
Definition
Domination of an industry by a single company by fixing prices and discouraging competition; also, the company that dominates the industry by these means
Term
Antitrust Legislation
Definition
Federal laws that try to prevent a monopoly from dominating an industry and restraining trade
Term
Political Ideology
Definition
A consistent pattern of beliefs about political values and the role of government
Term
Liberalism
Definition
A belief in the positive uses of government to bring about justice and equality of opportunity
Term
Conservatism
Definition
A belief that limited government ensures order, competitive markets, and personal opportunity
Term
Socialism
Definition
An economic and governmental system based on public ownership of the means of production and exchange
Term
Environmentalism
Definition
An ideology that is dominated by concern for the environment but also promotes grassroots democracy, social justice, equal opportunity, nonviolence, respect for diversity, and feminism.
Term
Libertarianism
Definition
An ideology that cherishes individual liberty and insists on a sharply limited government, promoting a free market economy, a noninterventionist foreign policy, and an absence of regulation in the moral and social spheres
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