Term
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Definition
A. contain the element carbon
B. Often contain H, O, and N
C. carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids |
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Term
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Definition
A. Do not contain carbon
B. Exceptions - CO2, CaCO3
C. Water is most important inorganic compound. |
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Term
| Water is polar - what does this mean and what does it lead to? |
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Definition
A. has a slight charge
B. adhesion
C. cohesion |
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Term
| Cohesion - what happens as a result of cohesion in water. |
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Definition
A. attraction between molecules of the same substance
B. Water has high surface tension "Some insects can “walk” on water"
C. Water holds a lot of heat |
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Term
| Adhesion - what happens as a result |
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Definition
the attraction between molecules of different substances
"Capillary action helps water travel up plants" |
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Term
| What are the 4 organic compounds? |
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Definition
| Lipids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, proteins |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Big molecules built from little molecules |
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Term
| Carbohydrates = built from |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Combing small molecules to form a bigger molecule with the loss of water |
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Term
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Definition
| Adding water to break down large molecules |
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Term
| functions of carbohydrates |
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Definition
Quick energy
Energy storage
Structure |
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Term
| Carbohydrates contain the elements |
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Definition
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Term
| Ratio of Hydrogen to Ocygen in carbohydrates is - |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Two monosaccharides joined together |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| 3 or more monosaccharides bonded together |
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Term
| What are the 4 big carbohydrates? |
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Definition
Starch
Glycogen
Cellulose
Chitin |
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Term
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Definition
big carbohydrate that is ..
Energy storage in plants |
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Term
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Definition
Big carbohydrate that is ...
Energy storage in animals |
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Term
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Definition
Big carbohydrate that is the Structural component of plants
Cell walls |
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Term
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Definition
Big carbohydrate that is the Structural component of arthropods & fungi
Exoskeleton & cell wall |
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Term
| For most animals starch is .... |
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Definition
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Term
| For most animals cellulose is .... |
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Definition
| difficult to digest - good for cleaning the digestive tract. |
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Term
| How can cows digest cellulose so well? |
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Definition
| BACTERIA live in their stomachs & help digest cellulose-rich (grass) meals |
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Term
| Proteins contain the elements |
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Definition
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Term
| What are 4 functions of proteins? |
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Definition
Hormones
Movement
Immune system
Enzymes |
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Term
| Water-fearing amino acids |
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Definition
Hydrophobic
try to get away from water in cell |
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Term
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Definition
“water loving” amino acids
try to stay in water in cell |
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Term
| Proteins do their jobs, because of their ...... |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
unfolding proteins
wrong shape = can’t do its job |
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Term
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Definition
| speed up chemical reactions |
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Term
| Enzymes are ..... changed by the reaction |
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Definition
not
Reused again for the same reaction with other molecules
Small amount of enzyme needed to help many reactions |
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Term
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Definition
| Molecule that enzymes work on |
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Term
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Definition
| enzyme & molecule temporarily joined |
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Term
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Definition
| part of enzyme that substrate attaches to |
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Term
| enzymes - Lock & Key model |
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Definition
| Shape of active site only fits certain substrates |
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Term
| enzymes - Induced Fit Model |
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Definition
| Enzyme changes shape slightly when substrate attaches |
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Term
| What affects enzyme action? |
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Definition
As the amount of enzyme increases, the speed of reactions increase
As amount of substrate increases, the speed of reactions increase
Temperature - At the optimum temperature greatest number of collisions between enzyme & substrate - At high temperatures Protein denatures (unfolds) = non functioning enzyme - At low temperatures… Molecules move slower decrease number of collisions
PH - pH changes protein shape |
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Term
| 2 Functions of Nucleic Acids |
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Definition
Information storage Genes, blueprint for cells
Transfer of information-Instructions for building proteins
DNA RNA Proteins |
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Term
| What elements do Nucleic Acids contain? |
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Definition
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Term
| Two examples of Nucleic Acids |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 5 characteristics of DNA? |
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Definition
Deoxyribose sugar
Double stranded
A, T, G, C bases
Molecules of heredity
Found in nucleus |
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Term
| What are the 5 characteristics of RNA? |
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Definition
Ribose sugar
Single stranded
A, U, G, C bases
Involved in protein synthesis
Found in ribosome & nucleoli |
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Term
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Definition
Energy storage
Cell membrane
Cushion & Insulate
Hormones |
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Term
| What are the elements in lipids? |
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Definition
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Term
| Molecular Structure of Fat |
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Definition
| not a chain (polymer) = just a “big fat molecule |
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Term
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Definition
solid at room temperature
Limit the amount in your diet - contributes to heart disease - deposits in arteries |
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Term
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Definition
Plant, vegetable & fish fats
liquid at room temperature |
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Term
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Definition
Cholesterol
Sex Hormones
Phospholipids |
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Term
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Definition
Make up cell membranes
heads are on the outside touching water
tails are on inside away from water
forms a barrier between the cell & the outside |
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