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Chapter 4 or 3
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34
Science
8th Grade
11/25/2011

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Term
Conservation
Definition
the careful use of resources
Term
Runoff
Definition
water that flows over the land surface rather than seeping into the ground
Term
Fossil Fuel
Definition
general term for any hydrocarbon that may be used as a fuel, including oil and natural gas
Term
Recycling
Definition
the collecting and processing of used items so they can be made into new products
Term
Point Source Pollution
Definition
water pollution that comes from a known and specific location
Term
Compost
Definition
partly decomposed organic material that is used as ferttilizer
Term
Hydroelectricity
Definition
power generated by water
Term
Nonrenewable Resource
Definition
a resource that takes millions of years to form
Term
Ore
Definition
a material from which a useful mineral or minerals can be mined at a profit
Term
Global Warming
Definition
the increase in average temeratures of Earth and the atmosphere due in part to increased carbon dioxide levels
Term
Non-point Source Pollution
Definition
water pollution that doesn't have a specific point of origin
Term
Renewable Resource
Definition
a resource that is virtually inexhaustable or that can be replen-ished over a relatively short time span
Term
Geothermal Energy
Definition
energy that can be extracted from Earth's internal heat, for example natural steam used for power generation
Term
What are the three main Fossil Fuels?
Definition
coal, oil, natural gas
Term
What are the steps of the formation of Coal?
Definition
1.) Peat, 2.) Lignite,, 3.) Bitumin-ous, 4.) Anthrecite
Term
Peat
Definition
soil like, partially decayed plants
Term
Lignite
Definition
when peat turns into sedimentary rock
Term
Bituminous
Definition
when lignite is under heat and pressure
Term
Anthrecite
Definition
when bituminous is metamorphosed
Term
Petroleum/Natural Gas Step 1
Definition
plant/animal ramainsare buried under the ocean floor
Term
Petroleum/Natural Gas Step 2
Definition
over millions of years, without oxygen, chemical reactions transform it to petroleum and gas
Term
Petroleum/Natural Gas are less dense than water so...
Definition
they rise up until they're trapped
Term
Oil Traps
Definition
1.)oil collects under a resevoir of rock
2.)a cap rock keeps oil/gas from escaping
Term
Tar Sands
Definition
bitumen mixed with sand or clay
- they can be surface mined, but it is too expensive and damaging to the land
Term
Oil Shale
Definition
a waxy mineral mix with shale
- it is not profitable to mine
Term
5 renewable resources are:
Definition
cotton/cotton field, corn, cattle, apples, windmill field
Term
*precious metals - gold, silver, copper *fossil fuels - oil, coal, natural gas
Definition
Nonrenewable Resources:
Term
Recycleable
Definition
cans, cars, trucks, plastic, paper
Term
What is the difference between reneawble resources, nonrenewable resources, and recycleables?
Definition
Renewable resources are replenishable over relatively short time spans, nonrenewable resources take millions of years to replenish, and recycleables are man made; they're not resources.
Term
Formation of Mineral Deposites
Definition
Some of the most important mineral deposites form through igneous processesand hydrothermal solutions.
Term
Mineral Resources and Igmeous Processes
Definition
As a body of magma cools, heavy minerals crystallize and settle at the bottom of the magma chamber.
Term
Hydrothermal Solutions
Definition
As magma cools into a solid, liquid and metals collect near the top of the chamber. They can move with rock. The fluid cools, minerals separate, and make veins.
Term
Placer Deposites
Definition
When eroded, heavy minerals settle quickly from moving water while less dense particles remain suspended and keep moving.
Term
Nonmetallic Mineral Resources
Definition
Are extracted and processed either for the nonmetallic elements they contain or for their physical/chemical properties.
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