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| Describing the opposite orientation of the strands in a DNA double helix with one strand running in the 5¢ ® 3¢ direction and the other in the 3¢ ® 5¢ direction |
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| A technique for detecting radioactively labeled molecules separated by gel electrophoresis by placing an unexposed film over the gel. A black dot appears on the film wherever a radioactive atom is present in the gel. Also can be used to locate labeled molecules in fixed tissue samples |
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| association between specific nitrogenous bases of nucleic acids stabilized by hydrogen bonding. Adenine pairs only with thymine (in DNA) or uracil (in RNA), and guanine pairs only with cytosine. |
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| newly synthesized strand of RNA or DNA that has a base sequence complementary to that of the template strand |
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| nucleic acid composed of deoxyribonucleotides that carries the genetic information of a cell. Generally occurs as two intertwined strands, but these can be separated. See double helix. |
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| secondary structure in RNA consisting of a stable loop formed by hydrogen bonding between purine and pyrimidine bases on the same strand |
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| macromolecule composed of nucleotide monomers. Generally used by cells to store or transmit hereditary information. |
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| molecule consisting of a five-carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose), a phosphate group, and one of several nitrogen-containing bases. DNA and RNA are polymers of nucleotides containing deoxyribose (deoxyribonucleotides) and ribose (ribonucleotides), respectively. Equivalent to a nucleoside plus one phosphate group |
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| Chemical linkage between adjacent nucleotide residues in DNA and RNA. Forms when the phosphate group of one nucleotide condenses with the hydroxyl group on the sugar of another nucleotide. Also known as phosphodiester bond |
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| addition of a phosphate group to a molecule |
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| class of small, nitrogen-containing, double-ringed bases (guanine, adenine) found in nucleotides |
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| class of small, nitrogen-containing, single-ringed bases (cytosine, uracil, thymine) found in nucleotides |
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Definition
| nucleic acid composed of ribonucleotides that usually is single stranded and functions as structural components of ribosomes (rRNA), transporters of amino acids (tRNA), and translators of the message of the DNA code (mRNA) |
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| Any RNA molecule that can act as a catalyst |
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| technique for determining the three-dimensional structure of large molecules, including proteins and nucleic acids, by analysis of the diffraction patterns produced by X-rays beamed at crystals of the molecule |
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