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| untouched, pristine nature |
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| environments modified by humans ex. MOST of world, cities, farms |
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| I = Impact P = population A = affluence (measured by per capita income) T = technology factor suggests a level of affluence households play an important role in their impact on global environment |
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| wrote Silent Spring...about pesticides use especially DDT. She was the first person to document link between DDT and cancer |
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| Defined as.. -physical objects or artifacts (the plow) -activites or processes (steelmaking) -knowledge or know-how (biological engineering) affects environment by... -through harvesting of resources -emission of wastes in manufacturing of goods/services -emission of wastes in consumption of good/services |
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| study of how human society has adapted to environmental challenges through technological and human adaptations |
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| places cultural economy in wider context, instead of looking at how ideas shape evironmental practices, it looks at how governments and market forces impact things liker resources |
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| concept held that people should not be exposed to a disproportionate amount of environmental hazards because of their race, class, gender, nationality, or any other factor -environmental goods (clean air, water) ar ea fundamental human right |
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| a group of black women who served as community grievers by bringing flowers ot people -began noticing people dying of same causes -door to door informal survey -town built on top of landfill (toxic waste site) |
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| refers to the idea that issues/problems can be temporarily "solved" by moving them around ex. moving polluting industry to Asia may help solve problem of clean air in Europe but it does not ultimately solve planets pollution |
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| refers to a situation in which the impact of a transaction is borne by 3rd party not involved in transaction ex. positive -> neighbor fixes his house so it increases the price of your house |
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| demonstrates how globalization and environment are linked by examining the production, consumption, and disposal of consumer electronics |
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| 4-8 pounds of lead; toxic to kidney, nervous/reproductive systems, inhibit mental development of young kids |
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| "designed for the dump"...things are made to break ex. cell phone upgrades, can't replace ipod battery |
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| chip speed will double every 18 months |
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| perception that something is out of date/style even if it still works |
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| bans export of hazardous wastes from rich to poor countries |
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| extended producer responsibilty |
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| requires continuing responsibility/accountablity on producers over the entire life cycle of their products; "take back" -- by making producers financially responsible for end-of-life waste management, producers will have financial incentive to design their products with less hazardous and more recyclabe materials |
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| social production of nature |
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| used to describe the refashioning of landscapes and species by human activity, especially capitalist production and labor processes |
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| natural resources should be used wisely and humans should serve as stewards, not explorers,of the natural world |
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| certain habitats, species, and resources should remain off limits to human use regardless of whether use maintains or depletes the resources in question |
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| culture as a shared set of meanings that are lievd through the material and symbolic practices of life ex. values, beliefs, religion, family |
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| focuses on the ways in which space, place, and landscapes shape culture AND the ways in which culture shapes space, place, and landscape ...ever-changing process; dynamic |
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| LGBT groups now recognized as powerful economic force, shapes geography of places when businesses cater to that lifestyle...San Francisco vs. Disney World for gays |
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| gender isnt something that we just are; it's something we do |
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no genetic base; not on charactersistic trait -distinguishes one from another -> skin color NOT race, race is an idea not social construction
problematic classification of human beings based on skin color and other physical characteristics |
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| set of practices and identities that a given culture considers related to each other and to those things it considers sexual acts and desires |
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| the practice of creating unequal castes where whiteness is considered the norm or unexceptional |
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| category reflecting the social differences between men and women; implies socially created difference in power |
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| socially created system of rules about who belongs to a particular group based upon actual or percieved obsolescence commonalities, such as language or religion |
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| most powerful man in NY in the 1920's, he was responsible for shape of NY. He favored the development of highways over public transportation and he created the modern suburb with high rise towers of homes |
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| "white flight" to suburbs; urban renewal or "negro removal" moves poor into Bronx -jobs and population gone, leaving isolated and disadvantageous population **makes Manhatten powerful wealth center** ..the displaced poor move ot public housing in Bronx and projects are isolated from main roads |
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| 1970's arsen...stop paying taxes and cut off heat/water. right before kicked out of house, burn down the place to get the insurance money |
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| withdraw services to make conditions bad and make people move |
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| youth gangs in S. Bronx; protect neighborhood because no police |
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| formed Zulu nation; made gangs positive cultural groups through music |
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| idea from Jamaica. gangs would come together and have DJ's play music, breakdance, toasters.. |
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| began playing "the breaks" on records |
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| the part of a song that might have just the rhythm secion on a "breakdown", breakdancing and rapping were spawned by the discovery of "breaks" |
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| Jamaican artists were the immediate precursers to American rappers |
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| DJing, rapping/"toasting", breakdancing, graffiti |
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| STYLE..meant getting your graffiti to run on a trian that went to all parts of NY |
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| like a book, landscape can be read and written by groups and individuals; landscapes do not come ready-made with labels on them, rather there are "writers" who produce landscapes and give them meaning and there are "readers" who consume the messages embbedded in them |
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| the pracice of writing and reading signs |
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| making claims to space; refers to the persistent attachement of individuals or peoples to a specific location or territory. source of physical safety and security, |
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| Atlanta Committee for Olympic Games (ACOG) |
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| public/private partnership between city and corporations to get Olympics to Atlanta; not democratic organization because didnt have to lsiten ot public; responsible for making Atlanta "international" |
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| 1996 Atlanta Olympics and Homelessness |
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Centennial Olympic stadium in Summerhill/Peoplestown Neighborhoods...took place of low-income but economically vital space that also contained a large portion of Atlanta's homeless shelter space
-busing of homeless from city, illegally jailing, pre-printed tickets |
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| build madhousers, build homeless shelters where homeless already live |
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| Resource extraction; agriculture, fishing, mining, forestry -basic extraction of nat’l resources |
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| manufacturing and processing; textiles, food processing, auto assembly -processing of these nat’l resources, manufacturing and processing, food processing, making steel, textiles, furniture making..turning raw materials into manufactured goods |
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Sales and services; warehousing, retail, accounting, advertising
-how we take manufacturing products and get them tell..sell of primary and secondary |
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| Knowledge and information; finance, banking, technology -research, data management, computers, high tech economy, management of all other activities |
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| geographical or international division of labor |
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| diff. regions specialize in certain types of economic activity -peripheral countries..primary activity exception = oil, saudi arabia..but very wealthy! Higher GDP tend to be semi peripheral, secondary activities Highest GDP = core country, tertairy and quaternary activities |
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| newly industrializing countries (NIC's) |
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| countries, formerly peripheral within the world-system, that have acquired a significant industrial sector, usually through direct foreign investment |
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| groups of countries with formalized systems of trading agreements with most of the world's trad taking place within four trading blocs |
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| refers to processes of change involving the nature and composition of the economy. These processes can involve three types of changes: Changes in the structure of the regions’ economy (ex. from agriculture to manufacturing) Changes in forms of economic organization within the region (ex. Capitalism to socialism) Changes in the availability and use of technology within the region. |
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| value of all of the goods produced within a country in one year |
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| better indicator, value of all good produced within a country in one year and value of good produced outside of country, take GDP and value of ex. Every that ford made, am. Corps that do things in other parts of world ..add on. |
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| the syndrome of having constantly to borrow in order to fund "development" |
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| According to Walt Rostow’s view, now regarded as overly simplistic, places and regions can be seen as following parallel courses within a world that is steadily modernizing. |
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| claims that the prosperity of the core countries is in fact based on the underdevelopment of and poverty of peripheral countries ..argues that development and underdevelopment are opposite sides of the same coin, winners and losers |
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| highlights the importance of early start in economic development |
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| the spiraling buildup of advantages that occurs in specific geographic settings as a result of the development of external economies, agglomeration effects, and localization economies |
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| involved a relative decline in industrial employment in core regions as firms scale back their activities in response to lower levels of profitability |
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| involves the withdrawal of investments from low profit regions and the reinvestment in new more profitable activities and regions. capitalism must sometimes destroy what it has created in order to free up capital for further investment |
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| MASS PRODUCTION/CONSUMPTION assembly line technique, pay workers enough $ so they can buy the cars, high wages = big spenders |
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| upwards spiral of development. existing labor markets. has to do with location not something the firm is doing itself. |
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| firms that cluster together at a certain location or region save money by capitalizing on existing markets, workers, and social infrastructure |
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| clustering of certain types of economic activity draws in related industries |
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| social creation as much as it is the physical universe that includes human beings..not only an object, reflection of society's beliefs |
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