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Chapter 3: The Forces of Evolution
The Human Species: An Introduction to Biological Anthropology, John H. Relethford
12
Anthropology
Undergraduate 1
10/03/2012

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Term
Breeding Population
Definition
A group of organisms that tend to choose mates from within the group.
Term
Evolutionary Forces
Definition
Four mechanisms that can cause changes in allele frequencies from one generation to the next: mutation, natural selection, genetic drift and gene flow.
Term
Nonrandom Mating
Definition
Patterns of mate choice that influence the distributions of genotype and phenotype frequencies.
Term
Inbreeding
Definition
Mating between biologically related individuals.
Term
Polymorphism
Definition
A discrete genetic trait in which there are at least two alleles at a locus having frequencies greater than .01.
Term
Fitness
Definition
An organism's probability of survival and reproduction.
Term
Balancing Selection
Definition
Selection for the heterozygote and against the homozygotes, (the heterozygote is most fit).
Term
Stabilizing Selection
Definition
Selection against extreme values, large or small, in a continuous trait.
Term
Directional Selection
Definition
Selection against one extreme in a continuous trait and/or selection for the other extreme.
Term
Genetic Drift
Definition
A mechanism for evolutionary change resulting from the random fluctuations of gene frequencies from one generation to the next.
Term
Founder Effect
Definition
A type of genetic drift caused by the formation of a new population by a small number of individuals.
Term
Gene Flow
Definition
A mechanism for evolutionary change resulting from the movement of genes from one population to another.
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