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Chapter 3 test
Physical & Cognitive Development in Infants
24
Psychology
Undergraduate 2
09/20/2014

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Cards

Term
What is a Cepalocaudal pattern?
Definition
sequence in which the earliest growth always goes from the top down, beginning with the head
Term
What is a Proximodistal pattern?
Definition
sequence in which growth starts at the center of the body and moves towards the extremeties
Term
What is Shaken Baby Syndrome?
Definition
swelling and hemorrhaging of an infant's brain due to being shaken/dropped
Term
How big is a baby's brain?
Definition
an infants brain at birth weighs about 25% of its adult weight
Term
How do early experiences affect the brain in an infant?
Definition
they shape how neural connections are made
Term
What is SIDS and what are the risk factors?
Definition

SIDS: (sudden infant death syndrome) condition when infants stop breathing usually during the night, and die without an apparent cause

  • sleep position and surface
  • low birth weight/premature birth
  • fan in the room
  • etc.
Term
What are the advantages to breast feeding?
Definition
  • appropriate weight gain
  • decresed risk of childhood obesity
  • reduced incidence of breast cancer in mother
  • increased weight loss in mother
  • higher IQ scores
Term
What is the difference between Gross and Fine motor skills?
Definition

Gross: skills that involve large muscles

ex. moving arm in circles, walking

 

Fine: involve small muscle and finely tuned movements

ex. using a spoon, buttoning a shirt

Term
What are Reflexes?
Definition

built in reactions to stimuli

  • blinking
  • grasping
  • sucking
Term
What are some 1st year milestones?
Definition
  • lifting head
  • rolling over
  • sitting up
  • standing
Term
What are some 2nd year milestones?
Definition
  • climb stairs on knees
  • walk stiffly
  • balance in squatting position
  • walk backward without losing balance
  • throw a ball
Term
What is the difference between Sensation and Perception?
Definition

Sensation: when information interacts with sensory receptors

 

Perception: how that information is interpretated

Term
Which sense develops last after birth?
Definition
sight
Term
Piaget's Sensorimotor stage
Definition
lasts from birth to about age 2. infants construct and understanding of the world by coordinating sensory experiences with motor actions
Term
Adaption
Definition
involves adjusting to new environmental demands
Term
Assimilation
Definition
children use their existing schemes to deal with new info or experiences
Term
Accommodation
Definition
children adjust their schemes to take new info and experiences into account
Term
Schemes
Definition
actions or mental  that organize knowledge
Term
Organization
Definition
grouping isolated behaviors and thought into a higher-order, more smoothly functioning system
Term
Object Permanence
Definition
understanding that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be seen, heard or touched
Term
Equilibration
Definition
explains how children shift from one stage of thought to the next
Term
What is the difference between an Implicit and Explicint memory?
Definition

Implicit: skills and routine procedure that are automatically performed

 

Explicit: memory of facts and experiences that individuals consciously know and can state

Term
What order does language develop?
Definition
  1. crying
  2. cooing
  3. babbling
  4. gestures
  5. first words
Term
When should a baby say its first word?
Definition
between 12 and 15 months
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