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Definition
| This type of government places ultimate governmental authority in the hands of the national, or central, government. |
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| Is the type of government where a league of independent states in which a central government or administration handles only those matters of common concern expressly delegated to it by the member states. |
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| In this type of government, authority is divided, usually by a written constitution, between a central government and regional, or subdivisional governments (often called constituent governments). |
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| Enumerated/Expressed Powers |
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Definition
| Powers expressly delegated to the national government found in Article 1 Section 8 of the Constitution |
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| Elastic Clause or Necessary and Proper Clause |
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Definition
| It provides flexibility to our constitutional system because it gives Congress the power to do whatever is necessary to execute its specifically delegated powers. |
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| A special category of national powers that is not implied by the necessary and proper clause. These power derive from the fact that the United States is a sovereign power among nations. |
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| States that powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states, or to the people. |
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| The authority to legislate for the protection of the health, morals, safety, and welfare of people. This allows state governments to pass laws governing such activities as crimes, marriages, contracts, education, intrastate transportation, and land use. |
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| Powers that are shared between national and state governments; are usually implied and not specifically listed in the Constitution; (i.e. taxing, borrowing funds, and establish courts) |
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| The supremacy of the national constitution over subnational laws and actions |
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| Congress is given the power "[t]o regulate Commerce with foreing Nations, and among the several States, and with the Indian Tribes." |
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| A doctrine that emphasizes a distinction between federal and state spheres of government authority. |
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| In which states and national government cooperate in solving complex common problems. |
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| The transfer of power from the national government to state governments |
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| A federal grant to states or local governments for specific programs or projects. |
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| A federal grant that provides funds to state and local governments for general functional areas, such as criminal justice or mental-health programs. |
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| A requirement in federal legislation that forces states and municipalities to comply with certain rules. |
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