Term
| What are the main points of the cell theory? |
|
Definition
-All organisms are composed of cells
-All cells come from pre existing cells
-Cells are the most basic unit of life |
|
|
Term
| What are the characteristics of life? |
|
Definition
-Having Cells
-Metabolism
-Homeostasis
-Stimulus Response System
-Organization
-Growth
-Response to Environment
-Reproduction and Development |
|
|
Term
| Name the famous scientist that allowed us to study cells and explain what they did. |
|
Definition
Robert Hooke-examined cork with microscope and named the cell Anton van Leeuwenhoek-invented a new very powerful single-lensed microscope, also described living cells, not cork ( dead cells )
Matthias Schleiden-was first scientist to note that plants are made of cells
Theodor Schwann-Concluded that all living things are made of cells
Rudolf Virchow-Proposed that all cells come from cells.
|
|
|
Term
| What is the order of organization from atom to organism? |
|
Definition
| Atom-->Organelle-->Cell-->Tissue-->Organ-->Organ System-->Organism |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of cytoplasm? How is it different than cytosol? |
|
Definition
| The function of cytoplasm is to build things with proteins, nucleic acids, minerals and ions...As well as doing other procedures with its organelles. This is different from cytosol because chemical reactions occur in cytosol while the cytoplasm builds things |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A miniature organ inside of a cell that has a specific job (ex:ribosomes,nucleus,golgi bodies,etc.) |
|
|
Term
| Compare and contrast a prokaryotic and a eukaryotic cell. |
|
Definition
Prokaryotic cells do not have membrain-bound organelles and do not have a nucleus, and all prokaryote cells are single celled organisms.
Eukaryotic cells have membrain-bound organelles and have a nucleus and can be single celled OR multicellular organisms. |
|
|
Term
| What gives structure to a Cell? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the nucleus? |
|
Definition
-To maintain all other cell parts
-To store/protect genectic information(DNA)
-To form proteins |
|
|
Term
What organelle is inside of the nucleus? What is its job?
|
|
Definition
Organelle inside=Nucleolus
Job of nucleolus=Makes proteins and RNA molecules |
|
|
Term
| What are the parts of the Endoplasmic Reticulum? |
|
Definition
| Rough ER and Smooth ER areas and Ribosomes |
|
|
Term
| What are ribosome's' responsible for making? What are they also called? |
|
Definition
| Ribosomes are responsible for making proteins and are also sometimes calle RNA |
|
|
Term
| What is the job of the Golgi apparatus? |
|
Definition
| To proccess, sort, and deliver proteins around the cell |
|
|
Term
| What do Vesicles do? What produces them? |
|
Definition
Vesicles grab material out of the cell's cytoplasm and takes that material to somewhere around the cell.
ER(Endoplasmic Reticulum) produces the cells. |
|
|
Term
| What is the job of the mitochondria? |
|
Definition
| To take eaten or processed food and convert it into energy for your body |
|
|
Term
| What is Cellular Respiration? |
|
Definition
| A reaction that releases sugar and other carbon molecules when oxygen is present to make ATP(Adenosine triphosphate) |
|
|
Term
| Compare and Contrast a Vesicle to a Vacuole. |
|
Definition
Compare=They both store things within the cell(they're both organelles)
Contrast=The vesicle is very tiny and stored things from the cell's cytoplasm and dies very often while the Vacuole stores water, is much larger than a vesicle and does not die often. |
|
|
Term
| What is the job of the lysosome? What organelle makes it digestive enzymes? |
|
Definition
| The job of the lysosome is to fight bacteria and viruses, and also to break down damaged or worn-down cell parts, the digestive enzymes are made in the Rough ER. |
|
|
Term
| When are centioles used by the cell? |
|
Definition
| When cells need microtubules such as cilia or flagella(little hairs or whip like tails on the back of cells) to move. |
|
|
Term
| Compare and contrast plant cells to animal cells |
|
Definition
Compare=same in every way except 2 ways(in contrast)
Contrast=Plant cells have cell walls while animal cells do not and animal cells have centrioles while plant cells do not. |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of a cell wall? |
|
Definition
| To give shape, protection, and support to the cell (only plant cells) |
|
|
Term
| What organelle is used for photosynthesis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| All cells have what kind of outer covering? |
|
Definition
| All cells have plasma membranes |
|
|
Term
| What are other names for the plasma membranes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is the plasma membrane selectively permable? |
|
Definition
| It only allows some molecules to enter the membrane but not ones that it doesnt want to ( almost like a window screen, it allows air and gases in, but keeps out bugs,flies,etc) |
|
|
Term
| Why do cells have to be small? Explain about surface area and volume... |
|
Definition
| Cells have to be small so that they can get rid of waste/other cells/etc. and recieve nutrients and other good things very quickly. And if the volume of a cell gets to big that means the surface area wont hold as many cells meaning that the cells wont recieve and get rid of those nutrients as quickly. |
|
|
Term
| Compare and Contrast active and passive transport |
|
Definition
| With active transport, molecules must use energy to move from areas of low concentration to other areas of high concentration. With passive transport, molecules use very little or no energy to move from highly concentrated areas to low concentrated areas. |
|
|
Term
| What is a concentration gradient? |
|
Definition
| A concentration gradient is the difference or comparison of 2 differently concentrated areas, such as the amount of molecules in a highly concentrated area compared to the amount of molecules in a low concentrated area. |
|
|
Term
| Compare and Contrast these forms of passive transport:osmosis,diffusion, and facilitated diffusion |
|
Definition
| Diffusion is the movement of molecules in a fluid or gas while osmosis is basically the diffusion in water, and facilitated diffusion is diffusion through proteins. |
|
|
Term
| Compare and Contrast these forms of active transport:Endocytosis,Exocytosis, and phagocytosis |
|
Definition
| Endocytosis is taking liquids or other large molecules into the cell, putting them into a small pocket, and taking that pocket to a lysosome. Exocytosis the complete opposite, its the releasing of liquids or other large molecules, and phagocytosis is the "cell eating" of large particles where the cell membrane actually engulfs the large particle. |
|
|
Term
| What is a solution? Solute? Solvent? |
|
Definition
A solution is a substance containing both a solute and a solvent. The solvent is the larger amount of molecules in the solution.(ex:koolaid. the water in the koolaid is the solvent because theres more water than koolaid powder)
And the Solute is the smaller substance, or what is being mixed into the solvent. |
|
|
Term
| Define an isotonic solution and explain what happens to a cell that is placed in it. |
|
Definition
| Isotonic Solution-A solution that has the same concentration of dissolved particles as the cell. If a cell is placed in it , then it will remain the same size and do nothing |
|
|
Term
| Define a hypERtonic solution and explain what happens to a cell that is placed in it. |
|
Definition
| Hypertonic solution-A solution with higher concentration of dissolved particles than the cell. If you place a cell in this then the cell will shrivel and possibly die. |
|
|
Term
| Define hypOtonic solution and explain what happens to a cell that is placed in it. |
|
Definition
| Hypotonic Solution-A solution that has a lower concentration of dissolved particles than the cell in it. If u place a cell in this than the cell will expand and the cell membrane can potenially burst. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The ability to maintain internal body conditions (temperature wise) |
|
|
