Term
| epidermis and dermis (true skin) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| underlying layer of connective tisue that contains macrophages, fibroblasts, and fat cells |
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Term
| Kerantinocytes, melanocytes, langerhans cells, and merkel cells |
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Definition
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Term
| macrophages, mast cells, and histiocytes |
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Definition
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Term
| Stratum corneum (epidermis) |
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Definition
| keratinocytes that has a tough superficial layer covering the body |
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Term
| Stratum Lucideum (epidermis) |
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Definition
| Kertainotcytes that has clear layers of cells containing eleidin, which becomes keratin as cells move up to the corneum layer |
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Term
| Stratum granulosum (epidermis) |
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Definition
| Keratinocytes and melanocytes and has keratohyalin that gives a grandular appearance to this layer |
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Term
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Definition
| thin; mast cells that supply and contains sensry receptors and special glands |
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Term
| Stratum spinosm (epidermis) |
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Definition
| New keratinyocytes that are polygonal-shaped witspinous processes projecting between adjacent keratinoytes |
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Term
| Stratum basale (germinativum) |
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Definition
| keratinocytes, melanocytes, and merkel cells: Keratinocytes divide in the basal layer and move upward to replace cells that shed from the surface. Melanocytes in the basal layer synthesize pigment melanin. Merkel cells are associated with sensory nerve endings. |
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Term
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Definition
| thick, histiocytes that are wandering macrophages that collects pigments and inflammatory debris |
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Term
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Definition
| cell type that has irregular connective tissue with rich blood, lymphatic and nerve |
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Term
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Definition
| superficial fascia of varying thickness that connects the overlying dermis to underlying muscle |
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Term
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Definition
| hair, nails, sebaceous glands, and eccrine and appocrine sweat glands |
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Term
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Definition
| found in fast, chest, back,eyelids, lips, nipples, glans penis, and prepuce and secrets sebum |
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Term
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Definition
| glands all over the body but more significant in palsm of hands, soles of feet, and forehead and is important for thermoregulation and cooling through evaporation |
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Term
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Definition
| fewer, in the axillae, scalp, face, abdomen, and genital a rea |
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Term
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Definition
| ischemia ulcers from unrelieved pressure, shearing forces, friction, and moisture |
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Term
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Definition
| ulcers or pressure sores that develop when an individual lies in the recumbent position for a long time |
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Term
| Risk factors of pressure ulcers |
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Definition
| immobilization, elderly people in hospitals and nursing homes, neurologic disorders (coma, spinal cord injuries, dementia, or cerebrovascular disease), incontinence, fractured femur, debilitation, lying in bed or sitting in chair or wheel chair without changing position or relieveing pressure over an extended period, lying for hours on hard x-ray and operating tables, chronic disease accmpanied by anemia, edeme, renal failure, malnutrition, sepsis, and urinary or fecal incontinence, coarse bed sheets used for turning by dragging, producing shearing forces |
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Term
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Definition
| nonblanchable erythema of intact skin |
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Term
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Definition
| redness occurs with no lasting tissue damage |
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Term
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Definition
| Partial-thickness skin loss involving epidermis or dermis. |
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Term
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Definition
| Full-thickness skin loss involving damage or necrosis of subcutaneous tissue that may extend to, but not through, underlying fasia |
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Term
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Definition
| Extensive destruction, tissue necrosis, or damage to muscle, bone or supporting structure with or without full-thickness skin loss |
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Term
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Definition
| identiable structure changes in the skin structure |
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Term
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Definition
flat, small (up to 1 cm), nonpalpable area of changed color
EX: flat moles, freckles, petechiae |
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Term
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Definition
small, palpable, elevated and firm lesions up to 1 cm, and may vary in color
EX: wart, elevated moles, lichen planus |
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Term
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Definition
transitiory, usually ireegularly shaped of localized redness and edema that occurs as a normal response to skin trauma
EX: insect bites, allergic reaction, urticaria |
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Term
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Definition
large (greater than 1 cm), raised lesion that is often deeper and firmer than a papule
EX: erythema nodosum and Lipomas |
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Term
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Definition
small (less than 1 cm) skin elevation that contained serious fluid
EX: Varicella, herpes zosterherpes blister |
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Term
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Definition
| large vesicle (greater than 1 cm) filled with fluid |
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Term
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Definition
Larger (greater than 1 cm) solid elevated lesion, rough
EX: Psoriasis, seborrheic, and actinic keratoses |
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Term
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Definition
elevated, vesicle filled with purulent fluid
EX: Acne, impetigo |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammatory disorder of the pilosebaceous follicle and occurs during adolescence |
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Term
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Definition
elevated tumor containing liquid or semisolid material
EX: sebaceous cyst, custic acne |
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Term
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Definition
| chronic inflammation of the skint he dvelops in middle aged adults. Occurs in the middle third of the face (forehead, cheeks, nose, and chin). results in reddenning of the nose and cheeks, nose can develop hyperplasia Shouldn't drink hot or alcohol. Should use suncreen, photoprotection, topical agents, laser and light treatments |
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Term
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Definition
| autoimmune, systemic, inflammatory disease that expresses cutaneous manifestations |
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Term
| Discoid lupus erthematosus |
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Definition
occurs in adults particularly in women in their late 30
s or early 40s. Caused by genetic and environmental factors and occurs mostly on the face. Use suncreen or limit sun exposure and topical steroid relieves symptoms. |
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Term
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Definition
| common forms if skin disease |
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Term
| Bacterial, viral, and fungal |
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Definition
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Term
| aerobes, anaeronbes, and yeast |
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Definition
| the normal flora of the skin contains |
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Term
| gram positive staphyloccoci and beta hemolytic stretococci |
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Definition
| most common causative organisms of bacterial infections are |
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Term
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Definition
| Bacterial infection lesions characterized as |
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Term
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Definition
| staphylococcal/ S.aureus bacterial infection of the hair follicle. Lesion appear as pustules with surrounding erythema in the scalp and extremities. Clean with soap and water and use topical agents of antibiotics |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of the hair follicle that has spread to surrounding tissue. Organism is S.aureus. initial lesion is deep, firm, red, painful nodule 1-5cm. Within a few days it can become large flunctuant and tender cystic nodule. |
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Term
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Definition
| extension of a furuncle into several follicles and occurs in the back of neck, upperback, and lateral thighs. Erythematous, painful, swollen mass that drains through many openings. abscess may develop. Symtpoms fever, malaise. Drainage and incision and treat with antibiotics |
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Term
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Definition
| folliculitis one one of the stiff hairs of the eyelid |
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Term
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Definition
| skin inflammation due to exposure of an allergenic substance or irritant duration (prolonged or short) |
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Term
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Definition
| with successive reoccurences of the disorder it can become |
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Term
After the irritant or allergen initially contacts the skin
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Definition
| reaction occurs with erythema, exudate, scaling and pruritis |
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Term
| Allerigc contact dermatitis |
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Definition
1)a cell mediated response or delayed hypersensitivity response occurs
2) the allergin binds to a protein to form anti-genic molecule
3) sensitization occurs in the first exposure, manifestations occur after reexposure to the allergen
4) activation of the antigenic complex in the cutaneous tissue initates, and the inflammatory response symptoms include swlling and desicle formation |
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Term
| Irritant contact dermatitis |
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Definition
1) the stratum corneum is damaged, slowly the irritant is absorbed into the skin
2) manifestations same as for allergic dermatitis |
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Term
Nursing interventions for contact dermatitis
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Definition
1) assist with identification of the allergic substance or irritant
2) administer topical or oral antihistamines, as prescribe to inhibit the inflammatory response and to ease pruiritis
3) asses for secondary infection |
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Term
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Definition
| common form of chronic dermatitis |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| family history of asthma or allergic responses |
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Definition
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Term
| in childhood, but also occurs in adults |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| this is commonly developed in elderly men |
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Term
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Definition
1) lesions begin in the cheeks and progree to the extremities and trunk, usually leaving diaper area clear
2)lesions start as vesicles, which can ooze and crust in the excoraited areas |
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Term
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Definition
1) markedly dry skin that is extremely itchy
2) scratching results in excoriation, lechenification, and scarring with leathery areas of hypo or hyerpigmented color left in the antecubital and popliteal parts of the body |
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Term
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Definition
1) lesions develop as coin-shaped papulovesicular patches on the arms and legs
2)excoration and subsequent bacterial infections can lead to lichenification
3)Skin develops an inflammatory response to noxious stimuli, basodilation, sweeling of the upper dermal layer and damage to the epidermal alyer |
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Term
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Definition
| is localized inflammatory skin disorder characterized by papules, comedones (white head and backheads), pustules |
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Term
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Definition
| most common disease seen in adolescent (12 to 25) with lesions on the face, neck, and upper body; genetic influences |
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Term
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Definition
| highly inflmmatory form of acne with communicating cyts ab\nd abscess beneath the skin that causes scarring |
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Term
| oversecretion of sebum from sebaceous glands and hormonal dysfunction |
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Definition
| cause of acne is unknown but it may have result from |
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Term
| cosmetics, ingestion of certain drugs, exposure to grease or oil, contact with clothing, and emotional stress |
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Definition
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Term
| hypertropy and procudese more sebum |
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Definition
| in acne, sebaceous glands are |
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Term
| keratinization of the hair follicle |
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Definition
| this obstructs the gland and causes sebum retention |
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Term
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Definition
| these form and enlarge, and may rupture discharging their contents into the dermis or to the surface |
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Term
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Definition
| what results eventually with acne |
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Term
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Definition
chronic benign autoimmune papulosquamous disorder of the skin and mucous membranes
1) within the dermis and inflammatory response is initiated
2) lymmphocytic infiltration and hyperkeratosis occur, results in vacuolation and cell degeneration
3) lesions (found in buccal muscosa_ are pruitic papules with reddish purple color
4)whitish grey lines called wickhams striae may be present
5)larger scaly plaque may develop |
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Term
| certain drugs and chemicals |
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Definition
| the cause of lichen planus is unknown, however exacerbation (lesions) are associated with |
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Term
| adults and has a duration of 15-24 months |
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Definition
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Term
| antihistmaines, topical or systemic corticosteroid, acitrtrin, low molecular weight heparin and sulfasalazine |
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Definition
| Treatment for lichen planus |
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Term
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Definition
| chronic imflammatory papulosquamous condition resulting in silvery, scaly patched due to epidermal over growth |
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Term
| genetic or biochemical alterations may be involved and there is familial predisposition |
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Definition
| cause of psoriasis is unknown , however it is theroized that |
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Term
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Definition
| onset occurs for psoriasis |
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Term
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Definition
1) when keratinocytes mature, they moveup and out from the inner layer to replace the skin surface. AS they move they flatten, dehydrate, and become keratinized
2) in psoriasis, this process is sped up so that instead of epidermal replacement occuring every 21 days, it occurs every 5 days
3) vasolation of dermal vessels and leukocytes accumulation into the dermis result in erythema
4) because of increased mitotic rate, keratinization doesn't occur and the skins protective mechanism is impaired
5) lesions most commonly occur on elbows, knees, scalp, and are clearly demarcated
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Term
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Definition
| well demarcated, thick, silvery, scaly, and erythematous surrounded by normal skin, |
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Term
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Definition
| reduce epidermal cell turnover and immunomodulation, emmolients, keratolytic agets, cortiosteroids. For moderate to severe: UV light, mehotrexate, acitretin, vit d, shampoos, and lotions. If severe, needs hospitalization |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammatory skin disease characterized by clusters of macules and papules surrounded by erythematous areas |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the cause of pityriases rosea is |
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Term
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Definition
| lesions of pityriasis rosea occur mostly in the winter spring/fall in young adults |
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Term
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Definition
| pityriasis rosea is not contagious and is self limiting lasting about |
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Term
| solitary (herald patch) with scaling |
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Definition
| The initial lesions of pityriasis rosea |
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Term
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Definition
| lesions commonly occur on the trunk and upper extremetities, and they occur less often |
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Term
| pruitus; fatique and headache |
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Definition
With pityriasis rosea, ________is common and ________ and _________ may also be present
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Term
| resolves in few months with symptomatic treatment for pruities , UV light, systemic cortiosteroids for itching, sun exposure |
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Definition
| some treatments for pityriasis rosea |
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Term
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Definition
| family of common benign skin tumors composed of exagerated or irregularly thickened normal skin that is raised above the skin surface from the many different types of HPV |
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Term
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Definition
| the lesions are round, elevated with a rough, grayish surface, and can occur anywhere in the skin |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| common wart that vary in size from small, pinhead size growth to large patches (mosaic), which are seen on hands but can be anywhere or mucous membrane, esp. in children |
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Term
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Definition
| occur of the soles of the feet, extending deep into the thick skin pressure from walking, this causes pain |
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Term
| Condyloma acuminate (venereal warts) |
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Definition
| These are cauliflower-like lesions, found in the anogenital area in adults and are typically sexually transmitted, if found in the anal area of a child, sexual abuse may be suspected. |
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Term
| epidermodysplasia verruciforms |
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Definition
| rare condition and is associated with warts all over the body |
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Term
| topical salicylic acid or cryotherapy, remove by freezing them with liquid nitrogen, electrocautery, vaporization with liasers, imiquimod cream (anogenital warts{) |
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Definition
treatment for warts include
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Term
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Definition
| lesions that appear as painful vesicles that progress into ulcers, can occur anywhere but mostly found on the lips, mouth, face, and genitals |
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Term
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Definition
| an acute viral infection in which lesions manifest along a unilateral nerve root segment or dermatome |
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Term
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Definition
| herpes is caused by two types of hermpes simplex virus infection |
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Term
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Definition
| transmitted by contact of saliva and is generally associated with oral infections such as a cold sore or blister, fever blisters. these lesions make last up to 2-6 weeks and is symptomatic |
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Term
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Definition
| associated with genital infections spread by skin to skin mucous membrane contact during viral shedding. This form is considered a sexually transmitted disease and is asymptomatic |
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Term
| primary or secondary (recurrent) |
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Definition
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Term
| weather extremes, sunlight, hormonal, changes, and loca traum |
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Definition
| precipitating events of herpes infection include |
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Term
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Definition
| reactivated years later after varicella occured as primary infection. most common in adults over 50 Symptoms include pain and paresthesia localized to the affected dermatome. |
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Term
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Definition
| primary infection with HSV results in _________ and _________ and then within a few days, the vesicles open and dry up |
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Term
| the first manifestation of herpes zoster |
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Definition
| symptoms of localized pain over a particular nerve distribution area, erythema and vesicles occur that lasts about 3 weeks fever, malaise, and paethesia |
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Term
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Definition
| has a variety of aquired skin lesions characterized by erythema and pustules and the most common type of organisms are gramy positive staphylococci and beta hemolytiv streptococci |
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Term
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Definition
| bacterial infection (s.aureas/ staphylococcal) of the hair follicles. Promient on scalp and extremities and causes systemic symptoms. |
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Term
| cleaning with soap and water and using topical application of anitbiotics |
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Definition
| treatment of folliculitis |
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Term
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Definition
| Acute inflammation of a hairfollicle that has spread to the surrounding tissue and the initial lesion is deep, firm red, and painful nodule that is 1-5cm. Within a few days it becomes larger and tender cystic. No systemic symptoms |
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Term
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Definition
| extension of furuncle into several follicles in the back of the neck, upper back, and the lateral thighs. It has many drains from openings and is very painful, red and swollen. Chills, fever, and maliase are some symptoms and causes septicemia |
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Term
| warm compression to provide comfrt anf promote drainage. With abscess formation a incision and drainage, and with recurrect infections antiobitics is given |
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Definition
| treatment for furuncle and carbuncle are |
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Term
| Infectious and inflammatory skin disorders |
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Definition
these causes the immune system to react to the presence of an antigen. causing ahypersensitivy reaction, or causes the body to react to infection
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Term
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Definition
| these may result from ecposure to an allergen, bacterial, viral, ot function infection |
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Term
| dermatitis, eczema,acne, lichen planus, psoriasis, pityriasis rosea, warts, herpes, bacterial and fungal infections |
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Definition
| these are classified as infectious and infllamatory skin disorders |
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Term
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Definition
| invasions of the skin by parasites (bugs) and can occur in any person at any time because parasites leap from one person to the next. When they lay eggs, infestations rapidly becomes extensive. The factor of having this disease is by having close contact with someone who has it |
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Term
| Trauma (opening of the skin) |
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Definition
| this is significant because it breaks the body's first line of defense. results from cuts, scrapes, stab wounds and other injuries. There are no specific risk factors for burn. |
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Term
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Definition
| most sever type of skin trauma |
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Term
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Definition
| this is attributed to exposure to ultraviolet rays and are associated with prolonef unprotected exposure to UVR. |
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Term
| basal cell, squamous cell, and melanoma |
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Definition
| types of skin cancer that are easily treatable |
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Term
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Definition
| folliculitis of one of stiff hairs of the eyelid that is pink and swollen |
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Term
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Definition
| superficial staphyloccal or stretoccal skin infection that is communicable in the young and esp common in children living in an unclean environment.Occurs in the mid summer to later summer where its hot and humid. has red macules that develop into vesiclea nd bullae which forms a honey yellow crust. Leading fluid causes the lesions to spread. |
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Term
| acidic; resident bacterial |
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Definition
| normally in the skin is ______ and contains _____that dont harm the host |
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Term
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Definition
| nearly all persons over age ________ will have had at least one cancer |
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Term
| basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma |
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Definition
| most common types of skin cancer |
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| causes of most skin cancer |
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Term
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Definition
| the most common skin cancer, growth rate is slow, has a nodule that is pearly or ivory or red, scaly and patch in appearance and slightly elevated above the skin with smal blood vessels on the surface. these tumors don't invase lymph or blood vessels so they dont metastasize but they grow by direct extension to adjacent structures |
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Term
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Definition
| tumor of epidermis and has two types: in situ and invasive.caused by sunlight and affects head and neck and hands. X-rays and gamma rays are also associated but its unknown what produces this. cells grow more rapidly than basal cell carcinomas and spreads to regional lymph nodes |
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Term
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Definition
malignant tumor of the skin originating from melanocytes or ccells that synthesize the pigment melanin and ABECDE rule is used as a guide. Factors include genetic prepositions, solar radiaon, and steroid hormon activity, and sunlight.
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Term
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Definition
| vascular malignancy associated with ummuunodificiency states and occurs among transplant reciepients taking immunosuppresive drugs. Common in middle aged black men in africa and mediteranean or jewish descent. Lesions are purplish brown macules and develops into plaques and nodules;pruitic and painful. Diagnosed by skin biopsy and treated with x-intertferon, raiodtherapy, and cytotoxic drugs |
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Term
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Definition
| most significant burns occurs |
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Term
| nonthermal or thermal resources |
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Definition
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